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Clinical & Neuropsychology > NP: Chapter 16 Epilepsy > Flashcards

NP: Chapter 16 Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

wat voor soort disease is epilepsie

A

heeeeel breed, veel symptomen! en veel underlying mechanisms

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2
Q

wat is de definitie van epilepsie

A

recurring episodes of electrical discharges called seizures.

hoewel er ook cognitive and physiological problems kunnen zijn, is niet alleen seizures!

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3
Q

hoeveel mensen hebben een seizure in lifetime

A

10%

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4
Q

hoeveel mensen epilepsie

A

50 mil

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5
Q

wanneer komt het het meeste voor

A

voor 10 jaar age en na 65 jaar age

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6
Q

in 50% van de patients, epilepsy occurs before the age of…

A

18

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7
Q

the seizure symptoms depend on the ..

A

localization of the epileptic discharges

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8
Q

4 symptoms van epileptische aanval

A
  1. altered consciousness
  2. involuntary movements
  3. experiencing perceptual or autonomous changes
  4. behavioural changes
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9
Q

2 soorten seizures

A

focal seizures vs generalized seizures

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10
Q

verschil focal seizures en generalised seizures

A

focal: beginnen in een specifiek, klein deel van het brein (but may spread)
generalised: affects both hemispheres

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11
Q

focal onset seizures kenmerk of hoe ziet het er uit

A

These seizures can often be subtle or unusual and may go unnoticed or be mistaken for anything from being intoxicated to daydreaming. dus is redelijk mild vergeleken met generalised

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12
Q

hoeveel mensen met epilepsie hebben focal seizures

A

60%

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13
Q

3 types of focal seizures

A
  • focal aware: person is aware, but may not be able to talk or respond. usually brief, called a warning or aura that a more intense seizure may develop (although these are already part of the seizure!)
  • focal impaired awareness: awareness is affected, appears confused/vague/disoriented
  • evolving to bilateral convulsive seizures
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14
Q

generalised onset seizures algemeen

A

Generalised onset means the seizure affects both hemispheres (sides) of the brain from the onset. Because of this, a person may lose consciousness at the start of the seizure. Generalised onset seizures almost always affect awareness in some way

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15
Q

6 types of generalised onset seizures

A

tonic-clonic
absence
myoclinic
atonic
clonic
tonic

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16
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

tonic = stiffening, clonic =rhythmical jerking

bij tonic-clonic is er complete loss of consciousness for several minutes, muscles on both sides of the body are contracted (tonic). after 30 seconds, bilateral rhythmic jerks start to occur for several minutes (clonic). the seizures end when a person falls asleep or wakes up confused.

17
Q

status epilepticus

A

(vgm bij tonic-clonic)

als een seizure immediately follwed by another seizure. requires medical attention.

18
Q

absence

A

generalized seizure, meestal during childhood.

blank out or stare into space for a few seconds. usually unaware of the seizure

19
Q

symptomatic seizures =

A

type epilepsie waarvan de oorzaak waarschijnlijk bekend is.

  • cryptogenic epilepsy: stron suspicion of neurological cause based on the severity
20
Q

ideopathic generalized epilepsy=

A

no cause can be determined, probably cellular abnormality

21
Q

waardoor worden seizures veroorzaakt

A

door disruption of ion channels in cell membrane or imbalance in neurotransmitters. enough synchronous epileptic discharges = seizure

22
Q

wat voor drugs voor seizures

A

inhibit the excitatory effect of glutamate, or increase the effect of GABA

23
Q

childhood absence should be treated with…

A

valproate
lamotrigine
ethosuximide

24
Q

partial/focal seizures treated with…

A

carmazepine and levetiracetam

25
Q

likelihood of a patient becoming seizure free

A

65%

26
Q

hoe heten mensen die niet van hun symptomen afkomen

A

refractory epilepsy patients

27
Q

4 treatments for refractory epilepsy patients

A
  1. neurosurgical treatment for focal epilepsy
  2. vagus nerve stimulation VNS, in chest to vagus nerve in neck. –> EEG desynchronisation
  3. deep brain stimulation in thalamus -> interrupt or prevent discharges
  4. ketogenic diet (high in fat, low in protein, starch and sugar_
28
Q

epilepsy leads to increased risk of…

A

cognitive impairments and psychosocial problems.

related to:

  1. stable factors: brain anomaly, age of onset, type of seizures
  2. dynamic clinical factors: frequency, years, duration of discharges
  3. the treatment
29
Q

ideopathic epilepsiesare..

A

associated with less severe neuropsych. disorders, and easier to treat.

30
Q

wat voor symptoms bij ideopathic epilepsie

A

attention deficits
information processing slower
psychomotor
visuospatial skills
executive functions
mood fluctuations
mental speed & flexibility
limited self control

no intellectual decline!

31
Q

which 3 forms of ideopathic epilepsy are the most common

A

childhood absence, juvenile absence, juvenile myoclonic

32
Q

10% of idiopathic epilepsy begins with centrotemporal spikes BECTS

A

oke

33
Q

symptomatic epilepsy: wat voor symptomen

A

ligt aan de localization

34
Q

syndrome of temporal love epilepsy

A

70% van de chronic symptomatic epilepsies, loss of memory

35
Q

frontal lobe epilepsy hoeveel mensen

A

20% of partial/focal seizures

structural anomalities are not consistent, therefore less specific disabilities

36
Q

early onset =

A

meer last van cognitive impairments

37
Q

the incidence of psychological disorders is higher for people with epilepsy, welke vooral

A

depression and anxiety (40-60%!)
ook psychosis

38
Q

personality changes in… epilepsy

A

both generalised and focal

Clinical & Neuropsychology (29 decks)

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