CP: Chapter 5 Mood Disorders Flashcards
mood disorders =
disorders that involve depressive or manic symptoms
major depressive disorder DSM
either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
- insomnia or hypersomnia
- weight loss or gain
- concentration issues or indecisiveness
- psychomotor agitation (a state of restlessness and anxiety that results in repetitive and unintentional movements) or retardation (slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual).
- fatigue
- feelings of worthlessness
- thoughts of death
at least 5, at least 1 or 2, and for a period of 2 weeks
B. symptoms should cause distress/impairment
C. not due to medication or other disorder
D. not better explained by schizoaffective disorders
E. never a manic/hypomanic episode (excl. die tijdens medicatie of door andere disorder)
The diagnostic code for major depressive disorder is based on whether this is a ….
recurrent?
severity?
psychotic?
remission?
remission =
beter voelen, meestal na een MDD episode.
persistent depressive disorder DSM
A. depressed mood for most of the days, for at least 2 years.
(one year in children and adolescents, + here the mood may be irritability)
B. 2 van de volgende symptomen:
1. Poor appetite or overeating.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
3. Low energy or fatigue.
4. Low self-esteem. (anders dan MDD!)
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
6. Feelings of hopelessness.
C. nooit meer dan 2 maanden zonder de symptomen geweest
D. Criteria for a major depressive disorder may be continuously present for 2 years.
E. never manic
F. no schizophrenia/psychosis
G. not due to substances or other disorder
H. symptoms cause distress/impairment
persistent depressive disorder is een combinatie van…
chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder.
If criteria are met for both major depressive disorder and
persistent depressive disorder, both can be diagnosed.
oke
disruptive mood dysregulation
A. temper outbursts (verbal or physical)
B. temper is inconsistent with developmental level
C. temper; 3 or more times per week
D. mood during temper is irritated or angry, and observed by others
E. criteria a-d meer dan 12 maanden, en gedurende die tijd niet meer dan 3 maanden weg
F. a-d present in at least 2 settings (at school/home/peers) and at least one of them was severe
G. diagnosis: between 6 and 18 years old
H. meestal voor age of 10
I. nooit criteria voor hypo/mania
J. The behaviors do not occur exclusively during an episode of major depressive disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, persistent depressive disorder).
K. nooit door substances, medication of andere medical condition
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
A. In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week postmenses.
B. at least one:
1. Marked affective lability (e.g., mood swings; feeling suddenly sad or tearful, or increased sensitivity to rejection).
2. Marked irritability or anger or increased interpersonal conflicts.
3. Marked depressed mood, feelings of hopelessness, or self-deprecating thoughts.
4. Marked anxiety, tension, and/or feelings of being keyed up or on edge.
C. One (or more) of the following symptoms must additionally be present, to reach a total of five symptoms when combined with symptoms from B above.
1. Decreased interest in usual activities (e.g., work, school, friends, hobbies).
2. Subjective difficulty in concentration.
3. Lethargy, easy fatigability, or marked lack of energy.
4. Marked change in appetite; overeating; or specific food cravings.
5. Hypersomnia or insomnia.
6. A sense of being overwhelmed or out of control.
7. Physical symptoms such as breast tenderness or swelling, joint or muscle pain, a sensation of “bloating,” or weight gain.
D. symptoms cause distress/impairment
E. not other disorders
F. should be confirmed by daily ratings(but: The diagnosis may be made provisionally prior to this confirmation.)
G. not due to substances
mdd men vs women
women 3 : men 1
mdd poor vs rich people
poor people: 3x more likely
minorities vs people who were born in USA
minorities: less MDD than people who were born there
bipolar disorder 1 most important criteria =
mania
bipolar disorder 2 most important criteria
major depressive episode
mania =(A)
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy
how long should mania last
lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).
B criterima mania
3 van deze:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
- Decreased need for sleep
- talkative
- Flight of ideas
- Distractibility
- Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e., purposeless non-goal-directed activity).
- Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
hoeveel manic episodes voor bipolar 1 diagnosis
at least one in lifetime
hypomanic A criteria
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy
hypomania hoelang moet het duren?
lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.
hypomania B criteria
3 van deze:
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
- Decreased need for sleep
- talkative
- Flight of ideas
- Distractibility
- Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation (i.e., purposeless non-goal-directed activity).
- Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
differences mania and hypomania
mania = one week
hypomania = 4 dagen
mania = severe, impairs functioning
hypomania = can still function normally =unequivocal change in functioning). but still noticable by others!
wat als iemand psychotic features heeft bij bipolar?
per definition = manic
hypomania in bipolar 1?
Hypomanic episodes are common in bipolar I disorder but are not required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
bipolar disorder 1 criteria
at least one manic episode, not explained by other disorders
3 reasons why we sometimes misdiagnose bipolar disorder 1 as unipolar depression/MDD
1) the first episode of bipolar disorder is often depressive, 2) depressive symptoms are the most frequent symptoms experienced across the long-term course of bipolar I disorder
3) the problem for which individuals typically seek help is depression.
globaal bipolar 2 criteria
een past or current hypomania episode, een pas or current MDD episode
manic episode in bipolar 2 ?
bestaat niet! manic episode = altijd bipolar 1
cyclothymic disorder
periods with hypomanic symptoms (do not meet criteria for mania) mixed with periods of depressive symptoms (do not meet criteria MDD)
how long should cyclothymic disorder last
at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)
symptoms do not go away for more than 2 months at a time
which is more prevalent: bipolar 1 or mdd?
mdd
hard to estimate the prevalence of bipolar 2, why?
because milder forms are hard to detect with diagnostic interviews
