CP: Lecture 4 Mood Flashcards
mood =
long duration
not directed at an object
mostly have a biasing effect on cognition
emotions=
short
directed at an object
bias cognition and action
dus anxiety vs fear
anxiety = mood
fear = emotion
2 theories of mood
feeling theory of mood
dispositional theory of mood
feeling theory of moods =
moods are raw feelings, objectless.
dispositional theory of mood
mood generates cognitions and mood-congruent appraisals
= being in a sad mood -> appraising situations as uncontrollable.
= being in an angry mood -> appraising situations as threatening
wanneer is mood een probleem
als het significant distress/impairment geeft in areas of functioning
2 poles of mood
Mania
Hypomania
Normal elation
Neutral/balanced mood
Normal sadness
Mild - moderate depression
Major depressive disorder
male vs female MDD
male = 13 %
female = 24.4%
totale mdd prevalentie in lifetime
18,7%
dysthymia =
persistent depressive disorder
at least 2 years
prevalence dysthymia=
1,3
hoeveel % recovers within 12 months of MDD
80
relapse rates / return to clinic for MDD
- 25-40% within 2 years
- 60% within 5 years
- 91% within 20 years
MDD DSM 5 criteria
sad mood or loss of interest
plus 3 or more:
poor appetite+weight loss / increased appetite+weight gain
loss of energy
sleeping issues
psychomotor retardation or agitation
feelings of worthlessness
difficult concentrating
death or suicide thoughts
persistent depressive dysorder
= combi dysthymia + chronic mdd
depressed mood for at least 2 years, more than half of the days
plus 2 symptoms:
hopelessness
sleeping to much or too little
eating changes
trouble concentrating
poor self esteem (Anders dan bij MDD)
hoeveel heritability of unipolar mood disorders
37%
2 biological explanations of unipolar depression
heritability 37%
serotonin/dopamine
psychological explanations of unipolar depression
neuroticism
becks negative triad (negative views of the world -> negative views of future -> negative views of self -> world etc)
hopelessness
rumination (cycle of negative thinking, blijven hangen)
social aspects of unipolar depression
expressed emotion
lower social competence
biological treatments MDD
SSRI, ECT
psychodynamic theory treatment
over losses
acceptance and mourning
behaviourism/learning
anhedonia
behavioural activation, activity scheduling (MOODFOOD)
cognitive therapies MDD
CT, MBCT, IPT
which ones have the most evidence
SSRI, ECT, CT, MBCT, IPT, CBT
MBCT =
a decentering exercise, meditation
welk process wordt getarget door cognitive therapy and behavioural activation bij mdd
situation -> automatic negative thoughts -> negative feelings <-> behaviour, doing nothing
what does cognitive therapy target
the automatic negative feelings:
- identify
- challenge
- awareness
what does behavioural activation target
the behaviour: encourage rewarding activities via positive reinforcement
4 soorten therapy depression
- psychoeducation
- psychotherapies (all of them usually equally effective)
- anti-depressants (only severe depression, there just as effective as psychotherapy)
- intensification or electroconvulsive therapy
hoe heet het als je steeds een stukje verder gaat in treatment als de vorige niet werkt
stepped care
suicide numbers
- Men are 4 times more successful
- 90% of those who attempt suicide have a psychological disorder
- 50% … have MDD
- Untreated depression: 20% risk for suicide
neurobiological model of suicide
heritability: 48%
serotonin low
hyper HPA system
psychological models of suicide
problem-solving deficit
hopelessness
life satisfaction
social factors
economic recessions
media reports of suicide
social isolation
mdd treatment …
effective, but high relapse levels
verschil duratie hypomania vs mania
hypomania = at least 4 days
mania = 1 week or hospitalization
hypomania and mania beiden
a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood
extra symptoms mania/hypomania
at least 3:
psychomotor agitation/goal directed
talkative
race of thoughts
decreased need for sleep
inflated self esteem
risky activities
distractability
alle verschillen hypomania vs mania
functioning: mania niet, hypomania wel
hospitalization: mania wel, hypomania niet
psychotic symptoms: alleen bij mania
different from normal: bij beiden, maar bij mania meer
difference clear for others: bij meiden, maar bij mania meer
duration: mania = 1 wk, hypomania = 4 days
complete mania = diagnosis
bipolar 1
wat nodig voor bipolar 2
hypomania + MDD
some hypomanic symptoms + some depressive symptoms =
cyclothymic disorder
bipolar 1 disorder criteria A
at least one manic episode
biological explanantions bipolar
heritability = 93% (HEEL HOOG)
serotonin/dopamine
psychological explanations bipolar
reward sensitivity -> excessive goal persuit
other explanations bipolar
major life event -> sleep deprivation (major risk factor)
medications treatment bipolar
mood stabilizing: lithium
if untolerable: anticonvulsant (antiseizures) or antipsychotic
2 andere soorten therapie voor bipolar
psychoeducation
cognitive therapy: focused on depression, problem solving, recognizing symptoms
