NP: Chapter 15 Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

what is the most common type of acquired brain injury among ppl under 50 years

Answer 1

traumatic brain injury

Question 2

traumatic meaning…

Answer 2

injury is caused by violence/mechanical force that affects the skull from the outside

Question 3

TBI can result in …. disorders

Answer 3

sensi-motor
neuropsychological

Question 4

retrograde amnesia =

Answer 4

time before the accident, dus oude herinneringen

Question 5

anterograde amnesia

Answer 5

after the accident, not being able to make new memories

Question 6

hoeveel mensen met TBI hospitalized in europe each year

Answer 6

1.6 mil

Question 7

how many people die from TBI

Answer 7

66.000

Question 8

in NL hoeveel mensen per jaar

Answer 8

85000 (maar underestimation)

Question 9

welke groep krijgt de meeste TBI

Answer 9

between 15-24 years old

Question 10

gender bij TBI?

Answer 10

mannen 2x zo vaak

Question 11

2 mechanisms of pathology bij TBI

Answer 11

1. primary damage, caused by biomechanical forces that affect the skull and brain
2. secondary damage caused by complications

Question 12

primary damage 2 vormen

Answer 12

open: objects of bone fragments penetrate the meninges
closed: veel vaker, more diffuse damage (white matter injuries, contusions (grey matter damage due to linear impact zoals hoofd stoten))

Question 13

secondary damage is…

Answer 13

door complications -> autoregulating is failing -> insufficient oxygen -> necrosis (hypoxia)

Question 14

TBI ALWAYS results in …

Answer 14

impairments in consciousness! of het nou coma of een lichte clouding is.

Question 15

wat is de transition point voor mild vs moderate-severe brain injury

Answer 15

als de unconsciousness for at least 15 min, and if the post-traumatic amneasia lasts 60 minutes or longer.

Question 16

wat zijn de gradaties bij post traumatic amnesia

Answer 16

5 min = very mild
6-60 min = mild
1-24 hours = moderate
1-7 days = severe
1-4 weeks = very severe
> 4 weeks = extremely severe

Question 17

3 aspects of glasgow coma scale

Answer 17

eye opening response
verbal response
motor response

(hoe meer punten, hoe milder de brain injury is.)

Question 18

what is the most documented symptom of TBI

Answer 18

mental slowness, mental fatigue (speed of info processing)

Question 19

7 symptoms of TBI

Answer 19

speed of information processing slow
attention (related to mental slowness)
executive functions
memory
language and speech
social cognition
coping and emotional complaints

Question 20

typical attention problems

Answer 20

focusing attention when distracted
dividing attention
sustaining atttention during long tasks

Question 21

executive functions complaints

Answer 21

less structure applying
require help to finish a task

Question 22

memory complaints

Answer 22

may be chronic, dus even after recovery of other cognitive functions. all aspects of memory can get affected

Question 23

language complaints

Answer 23

• aphasia, komt niet super vaak voor, alleen bij damage left hemisphere
• dysarthria: slowed speech, komt vaker voor

Question 24

social cognition

Answer 24

meer self centered, emotionally flat, less pov of others, disinhibited behaviour, understanding others!

Question 25

coping and emotional reactions

Answer 25

decreased mental capacity to deal with workload
emotional stability
decreased tolerance of stimuli
irritability
fatigue
headaches
dizziness
anger
fear
PTSD
depression
worries about life and the future

Question 26

hoeveel tbi is mild brain injury

Answer 26

80%

Question 27

what is it called if symptoms last for longer than 3 months

Answer 27

post-concussion syndrome/disorder

Question 28

which factors are predictive of rapid recovery

Answer 28

psychological factors such as coping, stress, premorbid personality traits and mood problems
variables related to the injury are not predictive!

Question 29

cogniform disorder =

Answer 29

patients with excessive cognitive complaints and unexpected poor cognitive performance, patient role.

= probably to avoid stress factors that have no relationship with the injury

Question 30

dus hoe heten patienten die ‘overdrijven’

Answer 30

cogniform disorder

Question 31

whiplash =

Answer 31

sudden swinging movement of the head backward (extension) and then forward (flexion)

als het complaints geeft: whiplash-related disorder

Question 32

meeste mensen genezen van whiplash binnen…

Answer 32

6 weken

Question 33

in hoeveel mensen blijven de symptomen van whiplash

Answer 33

20%

Question 34

wat voor klachten heeft de groep die symtoms blijft houden

Answer 34

visual disorders, dizzyness, muscle weakness

Question 35

wat is het verschil tussen post whiplash en post concussion

Answer 35

mensen die whiplash hebben gehad hebben veel pijn