NP: Chapter 15 Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common type of acquired brain injury among ppl under 50 years

A

traumatic brain injury

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2
Q

traumatic meaning…

A

injury is caused by violence/mechanical force that affects the skull from the outside

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3
Q

TBI can result in …. disorders

A

sensi-motor
neuropsychological

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4
Q

retrograde amnesia =

A

time before the accident, dus oude herinneringen

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5
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

after the accident, not being able to make new memories

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6
Q

hoeveel mensen met TBI hospitalized in europe each year

A

1.6 mil

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7
Q

how many people die from TBI

A

66.000

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8
Q

in NL hoeveel mensen per jaar

A

85000 (maar underestimation)

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9
Q

welke groep krijgt de meeste TBI

A

between 15-24 years old

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10
Q

gender bij TBI?

A

mannen 2x zo vaak

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11
Q

2 mechanisms of pathology bij TBI

A
  1. primary damage, caused by biomechanical forces that affect the skull and brain
  2. secondary damage caused by complications
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12
Q

primary damage 2 vormen

A

open: objects of bone fragments penetrate the meninges
closed: veel vaker, more diffuse damage (white matter injuries, contusions (grey matter damage due to linear impact zoals hoofd stoten))

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13
Q

secondary damage is…

A

door complications -> autoregulating is failing -> insufficient oxygen -> necrosis (hypoxia)

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14
Q

TBI ALWAYS results in …

A

impairments in consciousness! of het nou coma of een lichte clouding is.

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15
Q

wat is de transition point voor mild vs moderate-severe brain injury

A

als de unconsciousness for at least 15 min, and if the post-traumatic amneasia lasts 60 minutes or longer.

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16
Q

wat zijn de gradaties bij post traumatic amnesia

A

5 min = very mild
6-60 min = mild
1-24 hours = moderate
1-7 days = severe
1-4 weeks = very severe
> 4 weeks = extremely severe

17
Q

3 aspects of glasgow coma scale

A

eye opening response
verbal response
motor response

(hoe meer punten, hoe milder de brain injury is.)

18
Q

what is the most documented symptom of TBI

A

mental slowness, mental fatigue (speed of info processing)

19
Q

7 symptoms of TBI

A

speed of information processing slow
attention (related to mental slowness)
executive functions
memory
language and speech
social cognition
coping and emotional complaints

20
Q

typical attention problems

A

focusing attention when distracted
dividing attention
sustaining atttention during long tasks

21
Q

executive functions complaints

A

less structure applying
require help to finish a task

22
Q

memory complaints

A

may be chronic, dus even after recovery of other cognitive functions. all aspects of memory can get affected

23
Q

language complaints

A
  • aphasia, komt niet super vaak voor, alleen bij damage left hemisphere
  • dysarthria: slowed speech, komt vaker voor
24
Q

social cognition

A

meer self centered, emotionally flat, less pov of others, disinhibited behaviour, understanding others!

25
Q

coping and emotional reactions

A

decreased mental capacity to deal with workload
emotional stability
decreased tolerance of stimuli
irritability
fatigue
headaches
dizziness
anger
fear
PTSD
depression
worries about life and the future

26
Q

hoeveel tbi is mild brain injury

A

80%

27
Q

what is it called if symptoms last for longer than 3 months

A

post-concussion syndrome/disorder

28
Q

which factors are predictive of rapid recovery

A

psychological factors such as coping, stress, premorbid personality traits and mood problems
variables related to the injury are not predictive!

29
Q

cogniform disorder =

A

patients with excessive cognitive complaints and unexpected poor cognitive performance, patient role.

= probably to avoid stress factors that have no relationship with the injury

30
Q

dus hoe heten patienten die ‘overdrijven’

A

cogniform disorder

31
Q

whiplash =

A

sudden swinging movement of the head backward (extension) and then forward (flexion)

als het complaints geeft: whiplash-related disorder

32
Q

meeste mensen genezen van whiplash binnen…

A

6 weken

33
Q

in hoeveel mensen blijven de symptomen van whiplash

A

20%

34
Q

wat voor klachten heeft de groep die symtoms blijft houden

A

visual disorders, dizzyness, muscle weakness

35
Q

wat is het verschil tussen post whiplash en post concussion

A

mensen die whiplash hebben gehad hebben veel pijn