CP: Lecture 2 Flashcards
different levels of explanation
complaints + symptoms = clinical trials
processes = experimental studies
physiology = fundamental research and psychoactive drugs
happens all at the same time!
simple diathesis stress model
diathesis = genetic/biological predisposition
diathesis + stress -> complaints/symptoms
general model of psychopathology: distal factors
heritable predisposition, early experiences
heritable predisposition =
genetics, temperament
early experiences =
trauma, nurture, care, deprivation
proximal factors
strength & vulnerabilites
support & stress
strenght and vulnerabilities
personality, coping, attributions, fenotype, schemas, cognition, neuroendocrine, attachment
support and stress
trauma, stress, social, medication, therapy
complaints and symptoms can affect…
support and stress
wat hoort bij diathesis
heritable predispositions, strenght and vulnerabilites
wat hoort bij stress
early experiences, support and stress
relatie simpele model en general
simpele model repeats itself again and again -> self-fulfilling prophecy door positive feedback
evidence based practice 3 aspecten
individual clinical experience
best external evidence
patient values and expectations
dodo bird effect =
alle technieken zijn effectief (maar doen wel wat anders)
waardoor kan het dodo bird effect uitgelegd worden
effectivity:
15% technique
15% expectancy
30% therapeutic relationship
40% client variables and factors outside of therapy
the degree of influence posed by the client and therapist is inversely related to the potency of the therapeutic intervention
dus hoe meer invloed van client en therapist, hoe minder invloed van therapy
carl rogers
client-centered therapy
listen, do not interrupt, summarize
3 aspects van client centered therapy
- authenticity
- unconditional positive regard
- empathy
this way a client can self-actualize, become fully functioning (integrated personality)
evidence client-centered therapy now
the factors are necessary but not sufficient
albert ellis
early cognitive therapy
directive, point out errors, give advice
nu cognitive therapy
directing questions, client zelf op het antwoord laten komen ipv het voorzeggen
fritz perls
gestalt therapy: experiental therapy
directive, powerful, process oriented, here and now, integration of experience and material
2 techniques of experiental
- empty chair (roleplay)
- therapist role: guiding, experiencing perspectives of others
catharsis=
opwekken van krachtige emoties, emotional breakthrough
wat is nu consensus over catharsis
bestaat niet echt. gestalt therapy kan daardoor juist voor meer anger zorgen (ipv het releasen).
schema therapy
aanpassen van unconscious schemas, childhood trauma etc
3 aspects of diagnosis case conceptualisation
context (what, who, where, when?)
development (origin, clients part, origin personality, what symptoms now?)
personality (typical patterns of reaction, underlying ways of thinking)
classification heeft effect op..
self image
others perspective
insurance
treatment
problem definition
pro’s of classification
common language
clarity: who are we helping?
evidence on classifications
without some grouping, no process in research
LEREN
cons of classification
stigma
overdiagnosis (inflation)
medicalizing problems
time and culture dependent
heterogeneity
reification: abstract concept is interpreted as a concrete one
