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Clinical & Neuropsychology > CP: Lecture 7 Trauma Related Disorders > Flashcards

CP: Lecture 7 Trauma Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

6 trauma related disorders

A

post traumatic stress disorder
acute stress disorder
adjustment disorder
reactive attachment disorder
disinhibited social engagement disorder
other/unspecified TSR disorder

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2
Q

welke 2 worden in NL vergoed

A

ptsd en asd

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3
Q

verschil timeframe asd en ptsd

A

asd = symptoms between 3 days and 1 month after trauma
ptsd = symptoms after one month after trauma

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4
Q

asd criticism

A

medicalizing normal reactions to trauma.

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5
Q

hoeveel mensen met asd developen ptsd

A

50%

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6
Q

DSM 3 trauma definition A

A

event outside usual human experience

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7
Q

DSM 4 trauma definition

A

actual or threatened death, serious injury, physical integrity. fear, helplessness and horror

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8
Q

DSM 5 definition trauma

A

exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence
1. directly experiencing
2. witnessing inperson
3. learning: close family member or friend
4. repeated/extreme exposure to aversive details (not through movies or pictures unless work related)

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9
Q

3 possible outcomes of psychotrauma

A

post traumatic growth
no problems/quick recovery
mental health problems (bv ASD/PTSD)

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10
Q

criticism DSM 3 definition of trauma

A

unsual human experience: may be true on individual level, but natuurrampen, covid, WWII -> not true on a group level, rather common than rare.

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11
Q

DSM 4 criticism

A

moet gelijk fear, helplessness or horror zijn -> dit is niet eerlijk tov. mensen die pas jaren na ptsd ontwikkelen. spreekt ook psychological dissociation tegen.

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12
Q

prevalence trauma =

A

80%

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13
Q

prevalence ptsd =

A

7%

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14
Q

PTSD in ICD

A

kijkt minder naar de etiology, en meer naar alleen symptomen

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15
Q

positive association between, post traumatic stress and…

A

post traumatic growth.

want meer problemen=meer opportunities?

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16
Q

predictors of PTSD

A

meeste:
trauma
lack of social support
life stress

low iq
childhood abuse

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17
Q

dus wat voor soort predictors hebben de meeste impact

A

things that happen during or after the trauma, dit is fijn! want daar kunnen we dan interventies op aanpassen.

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18
Q

welk gender meer ptsd

A

females

19
Q

other predictors of trauma

A

peritraumatic emotions
peritraumatic dissociation
percieved support
prior trauma
prior adjustment
family history of psychopathology

20
Q

peritraumatic emotions =

A

negative emotions felt at the time of or in the hours and days following a traumatic event

21
Q

ptsd a criteria=

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:

  1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
  2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
  3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or
    close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or
    friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
  4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the
    traumatic event(s) (e.g., first responders collecting human remains; police
    officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse).
22
Q

ptsd b criteria=

A

reexperiencing at least 1:

intrusions
dreams
(dissociative) flashbacks
emotional distress upon cues
physiological reactions upon cues

23
Q

ptsd c criteria

A

avoidance

avoidance of internal cues (memories/flashbacks/feelings)
avoidance of external cues (places/situations/people)

24
Q

ptsd d criteria

A

negative changes in mood and cognition, at least 2:

dissociative amnesia
negative convictions and expectations
excessive conditions about cause or guilt
persistent negative mood
loss of interest
estrangement
inability to experience positive feelings

25
Q

ptsd criteria e

A

arousal and reactivity, at least 2:

irritation/anger outburst
self-destructive/reckless behaviour
hypervigilance
exaggerated startle
concentration problems
sleeping problems

26
Q

hoelang moet ptsd duren

A

1 maand!

27
Q

wat is een flashback

A

not just a memory, but more a reexperience of the whole situation.

28
Q

cognitive model ptsd (check samenvatting)

A

trauma type/coping <-> cognitive processing during trauma

leidt tot

trauma memory <-> negative appraisal

leidt tot

current threat (intrustions, arousal, emotions)

leidt tot

strategies intended to control threat

en gaat weer terug naar negative appraisal.

29
Q

voorbeeld idiosyncratic appraisal over trauma

A

nowhere is safe for me, i deseve bad things, i cannot cope with stress, i attract disaster etc

30
Q

ptsd paradox

A

the feeling of current threat: how are people afraid of something that happened in the past?

31
Q

2 types of processing

A

data-driven processing: sensory details of an event, quickly
conceptual processing: think carefully about it, integrate it in memory

32
Q

which type of processing bij ptsd

A

vaak data driven meer kans: want dan isolated trauma memories that come back, no clear timeline.

33
Q

wat gebeurt er bij de andere vorm van processing

A

conceptual processing: echt er over nadenken, het een plekje geven in autobiografisch memory, this happened to me back then, not here and now. minder kans op ptsd want je weet dat er geen current threat is.

34
Q

single session debriefing

A

early intervention, makkelijk bij ptsd want duidelijk startpunt.

maar… dit werkt niet goed, juist averechts.

35
Q

treatment of ptsd

A
  1. first choice treatment:

imaginal/prelonged exposure
cognitive therapy
emdr
trauma focused congitive behaviour therapy

brief electric psychotherapy for ptsd
narrative exposure therapy
writing therapy
imaginal rescripting

  1. try other first choice
  2. intensified care (pharmacotherapy, clinical treatment)
  3. alternative/complementary treatment
36
Q

prolonged exposure

A

expose ppl to traumatic stimuli, anxiety decreases

37
Q

learning theory of prolonged exposure

A

CS-US association stays intact, but new CS-no US association is learned that competes with original CS-US association

want… er is wel relapse, dus CS-US verdwijnt niet helemaal

38
Q

other theories of prolonged exposure

A

memory: trauma becomes contextualized (conceptual processing) into autobiographical memory
cognitive: new insights

39
Q

cognitive therapy

A
  • Directly identify and challenge
    dysfunctional/irrational cognitions
  • Often combined with exposure into (TF-)CB
40
Q

working memory theory model of emdr

A

long term memory (stable) -> working memory (liable, limited capacity) -> competing tasks (reduces vividness of emotionally traumatic memory) -> modified memory reconsolidation into long term memory

41
Q

dus… verschillen in werking tussen exposure en emdr

A

exposure: learning new CS- no US association
emdr: trauma imagery is directly modified!

42
Q

imagery rescriping

A

veranderen van ending in hoofd

43
Q

disturbing reconsolidation

A

reactivation of hotspot memories, emotional reexperiencing via retrieval -> administer betablocker -> minder noradrenergic receptors -> amygdala does not strenghten memory trace -> reconsolidation (a weaker memory is installed)

44
Q

wat zou fijn zijn aan deze nieuwe interventie distrubing reconsolidation

A

intensive, maar wel hopeful: want past de CS-US associatie aan! dit zou dus minder relapse betekenen, large effect, minder sessions. but… suitable for which problems? how to reactivate? is new learning neccessary?

Clinical & Neuropsychology (29 decks)

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