Lecture 4+5 NP

Question 1

spontaneous recovery treedt op tussen…

Answer 1

0 en 6 maanden

Question 2

spontenous recovery depends on

Answer 2

severity
location
type

of brain injury

Question 3

recovery: neurological level

Answer 3

brain plasticity
restorative approach
direct symptoms

Question 4

recovery: psychological level

Answer 4

learning (verandert ook dingen op brein level tho)
compensatory approach
indirect symptoms

Question 5

neural plasticity=

Answer 5

ability of the brain to modify itself, functionally or structurally, in response to experience or brain injury

Question 6

structural plasticity=

Answer 6

door experiences en memories -> structural changes in the brain

Question 7

functional plasticity=

Answer 7

brain functions move from damaged to undamaged areas

dit gebeurt dus alleen bij damage, want waarom zou je function veranderen als het nog goed is ;)

Question 8

plasticity in taxi vs bus drivers + de concepten

Answer 8

• Brain taxi drivers: large neurological
  changes in areas associated with spatial
  memory, compared to bus drivers
  → Use it, and improve it!
• Bus drivers: better at learning new spatial
  skills
  → Suggests that learning one skill extremely
  well, at the expense of another skil

Question 9

kennard principle =

Answer 9

better recovery at younger age

maar is niet zo. wat wel zo kan zijn is dat jonge mensen beter growing into deficits.

Cognitive deficits only become visible
when more complex cognitive skills are needed → growing into deficits

Question 10

restitutive recovery =

Answer 10

following injury, neurons in areas adjacent to damaged area
create new neural connection

Question 11

• Future: direct stimulation of neural
  plasticity
• Plasticity has limits!

Answer 11

oke

Question 12

wat is lastig aan rehabilitation

Answer 12

Learned behaviour is highly dependent on context: state-dependent learning

dus leren lopen in rehabilitation centre betekent niet dat het thuis ook gelijk goed gaat

Question 13

how to stimulate generalisation?

Answer 13

• Variability of practice
• Linkage to the site of application

(Challenge for people with brain injury, as learning depends on intact cognitive functions)

Question 14

ICF model overeenkomsten ICDIH
functions & structures =
activities =
participation =

Answer 14

functions & structures = impairments
activities = limitations
participation = restriction

Question 15

function =

Answer 15

lichamelijk, letterlijk wat er mis is in het lichaam

Question 16

activities =

Answer 16

wat diegene nog kan doen en wat ze niet kunnen doen qua activiteiten

Question 17

participation =

Answer 17

wat ze nog wel/niet meer kunnen in hun persoonlijke leven, sociale rollen etc

Question 18

neuropsychological rehabilitation lange definitie

Answer 18

“Any intervention strategy or technique that is intended
to help patients with cognitive problems caused by the
brain injury, and their families, to cope with these
problems, to learn to live with them, to overcome and/or
to reduce them”

creativity is needed, as all brains are different

Question 19

welke bestaat langer, neuropsychogical diagnosis or treatment?

Answer 19

diagnostics bestaan veel langer.

meeste research gaat over cognitive treatment, niet psychological

Question 20

3 types cognitive training

Answer 20

functional training
skill training
strategy training

Question 21

functional training is

Answer 21

“recovery of cognitive functions occurs through repeated exercise” - drill and practice = effectiveness

has not been demonstrated, almost never generalization to daily
life. (restorative approach)

Question 22

skill training is

Answer 22

“training skills at task level through repeated exercise” Not aimed at improving underlying cognitive function.
Learn to compensate for a task. (compensatory approach)

dit is echt voor een task specifiek

Question 23

strategy training is

Answer 23

“training skills that apply in multiple tasks/situations where cognitive function is called upon” (compensatory approach)

dit gaat over strategieen die toepasselijk zijn op meerdere situaties

Question 24

verschil cognitive en neuropsychological rehabilitation

Answer 24

Cognitive rehabilitation = psycho-education and environmental changes

Neuropsychological rehabilitation = focuses on cognitive disorders but ALSO on emotional and behavioural disorders resulting from brain injury

dus verschil zit vooral in neuropsych: emotional en behavioural changes

Question 25

voorbeelden emotionele / behavioural disorders na brain injury

Answer 25

Grief / Depression and fear / Relational problems / Sexual
problems / Irritability, agitation and aggression / Inhibition or
disinhibition / Socially inadequate behavior

Question 26

voorbeelden emotionele / behavioural disorders na brain injury

Answer 26

Grief / Depression and fear / Relational problems / Sexual
problems / Irritability, agitation and aggression / Inhibition or
disinhibition / Socially inadequate behavior