CP: Lecture 5 OCD

Question 1

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Answer 1

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
• Hoarding Disorder
• Trichotillomania
• Excoriation Disorder (skin picking)

Question 2

obsessions =

Answer 2

recurrent and persistent intrusive and unwanted thoughts/urges/images

attempts to ignore, suppres or neutralize

Question 3

compulsions=

Answer 3

repetitive behaviours or mental acts in response to obsessions or to rigid rules

Question 4

wat is het doel van compulsions

Answer 4

reduce anxiety/distress, or prevent a situation. however: not connected in a realistic way or clearly excessive

Question 5

wat nodig voor ocd?

Answer 5

• obsessions and/or compulsions
• time consuming (Meer dan 1 uur per dag!) en distress/impairment

Question 6

voorbeelden obsessions

Answer 6

aggressive, sexual, religious

Question 7

compulsions voorbeelden

Answer 7

cleaning
ordering
checking
protective rituals

Question 8

wat lieten rachman and de silva zien

Answer 8

Intrusions of people with OCD not identifiable
even by experienced psychologists. want:

6 experienced psychologists:
◦ 23 intrusions reported by patients
 Average: 13 positive ( judged ‘abnormal’)
◦ 58 intrusions reported by controls
 Average 10 false positive (‘abnormal’)

dus meeste mensen hebben intrusions from time to time

Question 9

maar wat is dan abnormal in de ocd groep?

Answer 9

frequency: more often
more intense
last longer
more distress
stronger urge to neutralize

Question 10

if having intrusions is normal, why do obsessions and compulsions arise?

Answer 10

general model of psychopathology!

Question 11

3 general reasoning errors in ocd (cognitive attributions?)

Answer 11

• emotional reasoning: im afraid so there is danger
• magical thinking: if i step on these cracks, someone will die
• dichotomous thinking

Question 12

dichotomous thinking

Answer 12

omission = niks doen
comission = iets doen

most people: ommission < commission. dus iets doen weegt zwaarder dan niks doen. maar bij ocd is dit vaak hetzelfde! dus denken aan iets slechts betekent bij hun meer, dat je het ook echt doet.

Question 13

thought action fusion =

Answer 13

TAF

TAF-likelihood: thinking about something makes it happen more
TAF-moral: thinking about something is the same as doing it.

Question 14

cognitive theory of ocd van salkovskis

Answer 14

intrusions = ego-dystonic -> in conflict met wat ego wil
automatic thoughts = ego-syntonic -> agree met wat ego wil
dit leidt tot:
behaviour: suppress, neutralize, compulsions

Question 15

thought suppression in ocd

Answer 15

white bear effect -> juist aan denken als je het suppressed. daardoor blijft het terugkomen (juist omdat die mensen het willen repressen)

Question 16

excessive checking in ocd can lead to…

Answer 16

memory distrusting. en dan dus nog meer checken

Question 17

operant conditioning in ocd

Answer 17

neurotic paradox: short term relief, long term pathology

Question 18

dus, intrusions are normal, …. are not

Answer 18

the interpretations! these cause the patients trying to neutralize them -> obsessions

intrusions are normal, the interpretations are not! very strong need to neutralize them -> thought suppression -> obsessions -> compulsions -> vicieuze cirkel

Question 19

4 treatments for OCD

Answer 19

• exposure with response prevention ERP
• cognitive therapy
• SSRIs
• deep brain stimulation (for ppl die niet reageren op andere therapieen)

Question 20

hoarding disorder

Answer 20

 New diagnosis, less research
 Clearly some obsessive-compulsive characteristics, also differences
 Modified ERP is investigated as treatment