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Clinical & Neuropsychology > NP: Chapter 14 Cerebrovascular disease > Flashcards

NP: Chapter 14 Cerebrovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

stroke =

A

bunch of symptoms resulting from interruption of the blood supply to the brain

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2
Q

verschil infarct en ischemia

A

beiden: obstruction of an artery causing the blood supply to be blocked

ischaemia = nog niet afgestorven
infarct = afgestorven

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3
Q

hoeveel mensen met stroke hebben infarct

A

80%

fijn, want infarct lijkt me makkelijker weg te halen

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4
Q

ischemic stroke =

A

blood deprived area door een blockage of obstruction

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5
Q

hemorrhagic stroke =

A

bleeding area, door weak spot in vascular walls, leaks blood into the brain

dus hemorrhage = bloeding

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6
Q

dus verschillen ischemic en hemorrhagic stroke

A

ischemic = obstruction
hemorrhage = ruptured blood vessel

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7
Q

in most cases a stroke is manifested as…

A

acute loss of function in arm or leg on one side of the body
drooping corner mouth
difficulty speaking

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8
Q

waarbij zie je consciousness in de patienten en waar zie je decline in consciousness

A

consciousness = infarct
decline in consciousness = hemorrhage

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9
Q

welke measurement in de acute phase

A

ct scan of mri scan

(om te bepalen of het infarct of hemorhage was)

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10
Q

hoeveel strokes per jaar

A

17 miljoen wereldwijd

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11
Q

leading cause of death van stroke?

A

second, for ppl 60+

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12
Q

most infarcts are caused by…

A

= dus ischemic stroke!

embolism -> blood clot

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13
Q

wat is een transient ischemic attack TIA

A

ischemic stroke, door embolism, waarvan de symptomen binnen 24 uur verdwijnen (meeste verdwijnen binnen 30 minuten)

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14
Q

wat is de loss of function van een tia

A

meestal temporary, maar soms subtle cognitive effects

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15
Q

main risk factor for infarct?

A

age

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16
Q

other risk factors for infarcts

A

door atherosclerosis -> smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia

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17
Q

hoeveel mensen met infarct hebben cardiac disease

A

1/6

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18
Q

helft van de hemorrhages komen door

A

high blood pressure (50%!!)

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19
Q

4 andere causes van hemorrhage

A

arteriovenous malformation
inflammation of vascular wall
coagulopathy
brain tumor

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20
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage symptoms

A

severe headaches, neck stiffness for a few hours

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21
Q

how many patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH do not have significant loss of function

A

only 1/3

dus 2/3 van de mensen met SAH hebben wel significant loss of function

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22
Q

doel van treatment van hemorrhage

A

prevent important brain areas from becoming compressed + prevention of rebleeding

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23
Q

ethiology of the consequences of a stroke

A

door de infarct zelf
damage to remote areas due to anatomical connection with remote areas is decreased -> dysfunction

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24
Q

differences in recovery for hemorrhage vs infarct

A

hemorrhage = less conscious, confused, longer recovery
infarct = gaat sneller

25
Q

pattern of cognitive functions after stroke

A

hetzelfde at 3,6 and 15 months after stroke

26
Q

8 consequences of stroke affect…

A

memory
language
attention and speed of information processing
perception
social cognition
praxis and motor system
executive functions
anosognosia

27
Q

memory impairments in hoeveel mensen

A

1 week: 13-50%
1 jaar: 11-31% of those patients

28
Q

memory: waar damage?

A

meestal linker hemisphere (of bilateral)

kan ook door language komen?

29
Q

wat voor soort memory loss is het

A

anterograde amnesia (dus geen nieuwe herinneringen kunnen maken) tijdens de acute phase

30
Q

attention problems prevalence after stroke

A

40%

31
Q

bradyphrenia =

A

slowness

32
Q

hoeveel mensen bradyphrenia

A

bijna allemaal. vooral na infarct in subcortical areas (white matter -> connections!!!)

33
Q

language prevalence stroke

A

21-38% mensen hebben aphasia

34
Q

welke deel hersenen stroke language problems

A

medial cerebral artery in left hemisphere

35
Q

global aphasia

A

mix between wernicke en broca (vaak zo na stroke)

36
Q

visual and color agnosia due to damage in…

A

posterior cerebral artery, posterior

37
Q

hemianopsia =

A

less vision in de helft van de visual field

38
Q

anopsia =

A

geen vision meer

39
Q

prosopagnosia =

A

geen gezichten meer herkennen

40
Q

apperceptive agnosia =

A

geen afbeeldingen of kleuren herkennen

41
Q

neglect komt door…

A

cerebral infarct bij middle cerebral artery in right hemisphere

42
Q

dus welke hemisphere bij neglect aangedaan

A

right

43
Q

executive functions hoeveel patients

A

50%

44
Q

abulia =

A

inability to take initiative
apathetic
slow

45
Q

apraxia welke hemisphere

A

left

46
Q

apraxia =

A

inability to perform learned movements on command

47
Q

buccofacial apraxia =

A

inability to perform goal-oriented tongue and mouth movements

48
Q

cerebellum is voor

A

motor planning

49
Q

emotional functioning welke hemisphere

A

right hemisphere

(but left as well, in a different way)

50
Q

anosognosia =

A

lack of understanding/insight in seriousness of the disease

51
Q

anosognosia welke hemisphere

A

right

52
Q

vascular dementia =

A

wanneer resultaten van een stroke zo severe zijn dat het leidt tot cognitive dysfunctions.

53
Q

hoeveel mensen diagnosed met vascular dementia

A

25% after 3-12 months

54
Q

waardoor wordt vascular dementia veroorzaakt

A

1 single infarct in strategic location of multiple infarcts simultaneously

55
Q

disorientation prevalence

A

40% during the acute phase of the infarct

56
Q

delirium after stroke kenmerken

A

gebeurt niet vaak, suddenly, may involve:
disturbed consciousness
hallucinations
restlessness
emotional instability
lethargy

57
Q

fatigue

A

more than 50% after stroke

58
Q

emotional functioning after stroke prevalence

A

90% report changes in emotional functioning after 3-9 months

59
Q

debate about depression after stroke

A

is it due to the stroke, or trauma from the life changing event???

vascular depression hypothesis: door disruption of the specific networks in the brain due to damage
reactive depression: door life changing event

Clinical & Neuropsychology (29 decks)

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