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Clinical & Neuropsychology > NP: Chapter 14 Cerebrovascular disease > Flashcards

NP: Chapter 14 Cerebrovascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

stroke =

A

bunch of symptoms resulting from interruption of the blood supply to the brain

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2
Q

verschil infarct en ischemia

A

beiden: obstruction of an artery causing the blood supply to be blocked

ischaemia = nog niet afgestorven
infarct = afgestorven

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3
Q

hoeveel mensen met stroke hebben infarct

A

80%

fijn, want infarct lijkt me makkelijker weg te halen

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4
Q

ischemic stroke =

A

blood deprived area door een blockage of obstruction

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5
Q

hemorrhagic stroke =

A

bleeding area, door weak spot in vascular walls, leaks blood into the brain

dus hemorrhage = bloeding

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6
Q

dus verschillen ischemic en hemorrhagic stroke

A

ischemic = obstruction
hemorrhage = ruptured blood vessel

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7
Q

in most cases a stroke is manifested as…

A

acute loss of function in arm or leg on one side of the body
drooping corner mouth
difficulty speaking

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8
Q

waarbij zie je consciousness in de patienten en waar zie je decline in consciousness

A

consciousness = infarct
decline in consciousness = hemorrhage

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9
Q

welke measurement in de acute phase

A

ct scan of mri scan

(om te bepalen of het infarct of hemorhage was)

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10
Q

hoeveel strokes per jaar

A

17 miljoen wereldwijd

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11
Q

leading cause of death van stroke?

A

second, for ppl 60+

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12
Q

most infarcts are caused by…

A

= dus ischemic stroke!

embolism -> blood clot

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13
Q

wat is een transient ischemic attack TIA

A

ischemic stroke, door embolism, waarvan de symptomen binnen 24 uur verdwijnen (meeste verdwijnen binnen 30 minuten)

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14
Q

wat is de loss of function van een tia

A

meestal temporary, maar soms subtle cognitive effects

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15
Q

main risk factor for infarct?

A

age

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16
Q

other risk factors for infarcts

A

door atherosclerosis -> smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia

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17
Q

hoeveel mensen met infarct hebben cardiac disease

A

1/6

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18
Q

helft van de hemorrhages komen door

A

high blood pressure (50%!!)

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19
Q

4 andere causes van hemorrhage

A

arteriovenous malformation
inflammation of vascular wall
coagulopathy
brain tumor

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20
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage symptoms

A

severe headaches, neck stiffness for a few hours

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21
Q

how many patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH do not have significant loss of function

A

only 1/3

dus 2/3 van de mensen met SAH hebben wel significant loss of function

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22
Q

doel van treatment van hemorrhage

A

prevent important brain areas from becoming compressed + prevention of rebleeding

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23
Q

ethiology of the consequences of a stroke

A

door de infarct zelf
damage to remote areas due to anatomical connection with remote areas is decreased -> dysfunction

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24
Q

differences in recovery for hemorrhage vs infarct

A

hemorrhage = less conscious, confused, longer recovery
infarct = gaat sneller

25
pattern of cognitive functions after stroke
hetzelfde at 3,6 and 15 months after stroke
26
8 consequences of stroke affect...
memory language attention and speed of information processing perception social cognition praxis and motor system executive functions anosognosia
27
memory impairments in hoeveel mensen
1 week: 13-50% 1 jaar: 11-31% of those patients
28
memory: waar damage?
meestal linker hemisphere (of bilateral) kan ook door language komen?
29
wat voor soort memory loss is het
anterograde amnesia (dus geen nieuwe herinneringen kunnen maken) tijdens de acute phase
30
attention problems prevalence after stroke
40%
31
bradyphrenia =
slowness
32
hoeveel mensen bradyphrenia
bijna allemaal. vooral na infarct in subcortical areas (white matter -> connections!!!)
33
language prevalence stroke
21-38% mensen hebben aphasia
34
welke deel hersenen stroke language problems
medial cerebral artery in left hemisphere
35
global aphasia
mix between wernicke en broca (vaak zo na stroke)
36
visual and color agnosia due to damage in...
posterior cerebral artery, posterior
37
hemianopsia =
less vision in de helft van de visual field
38
anopsia =
geen vision meer
39
prosopagnosia =
geen gezichten meer herkennen
40
apperceptive agnosia =
geen afbeeldingen of kleuren herkennen
41
neglect komt door...
cerebral infarct bij middle cerebral artery in right hemisphere
42
dus welke hemisphere bij neglect aangedaan
right
43
executive functions hoeveel patients
50%
44
abulia =
inability to take initiative apathetic slow
45
apraxia welke hemisphere
left
46
apraxia =
inability to perform learned movements on command
47
buccofacial apraxia =
inability to perform goal-oriented tongue and mouth movements
48
cerebellum is voor
motor planning
49
emotional functioning welke hemisphere
right hemisphere (but left as well, in a different way)
50
anosognosia =
lack of understanding/insight in seriousness of the disease
51
anosognosia welke hemisphere
right
52
vascular dementia =
wanneer resultaten van een stroke zo severe zijn dat het leidt tot cognitive dysfunctions.
53
hoeveel mensen diagnosed met vascular dementia
25% after 3-12 months
54
waardoor wordt vascular dementia veroorzaakt
1 single infarct in strategic location of multiple infarcts simultaneously
55
disorientation prevalence
40% during the acute phase of the infarct
56
delirium after stroke kenmerken
gebeurt niet vaak, suddenly, may involve: disturbed consciousness hallucinations restlessness emotional instability lethargy
57
fatigue
more than 50% after stroke
58
emotional functioning after stroke prevalence
90% report changes in emotional functioning after 3-9 months
59
debate about depression after stroke
is it due to the stroke, or trauma from the life changing event??? vascular depression hypothesis: door disruption of the specific networks in the brain due to damage reactive depression: door life changing event

Clinical & Neuropsychology (29 decks)

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