Lecture 1+3 NP

Question 1

simple RT task mechanism

Answer 1

perception -> response

Question 2

go/no go task mechanism

Answer 2

perception -> discrimination -> response

Question 3

discrimination or choice RT task

Answer 3

perception -> discrimination -> selection -> response

Question 4

criticism RT tasks

Answer 4

the fallacies of pure insertions, sommige mental processes may be involved in these tasks

Question 5

single dissociation assumes … and double dissociation assumes …

Answer 5

serial organization of functions
two independent processes

Question 6

2 criteria for dissociation

Answer 6

1. performance on one task differs significantly from the normative scores
2. differences between performance on task A and B differ significantly

Question 7

structural imaging =

Answer 7

anatomical visualisation and analysis

Question 8

functional imaging =

Answer 8

brain activity and functioning

Question 9

5 soorten structural imaging

Answer 9

CT
MRI
DTI (diffusion tensor imaging)
VBM (voxel based morphometry)
MRS (functional magnetic resonance spectometry)

Question 10

5 soorten functional imaging

Answer 10

fMRI
EEG
PET
MEG
ERP

Question 11

spatial resolution =

Answer 11

sharpness (lagere getallen = betere resolutie!)

Question 12

temporal resolution =

Answer 12

speed (lagere getallen = sneller!)

Question 13

dus welke getallen zijn beter bij resolutie

Answer 13

lagere getallen!

Question 14

welke hebben de beste temporal resolution

Answer 14

EEG en MEG

(maar juist weer hoge spatial: dus op level van brein ipv neurons)

Question 15

welke hebben de laagste temporal resolution

Answer 15

SPECT
PET
MRI
fMRI

(duurt lang! bv PET: inspuiten)

Question 16

hoe werkt CT vs MRI

Answer 16

CT= multiple x rays (= radiation)
MRI = magnetic fields

Question 17

voor welke soort lichaamsdelen CT vs MRI

Answer 17

CT = bone, soft tissue if dye is used
MRI = soft tissue

dus botbreuk = ct!

Question 18

time for CT vs MRI

Answer 18

CT = quick
MRI = depends, between 15 min - 2 hr

Question 19

costs CT vs MRI

Answer 19

CT goedkoper, MRI expensive

Question 20

application CT vs MRI

Answer 20

CT = general image of internal tissue, trauma, fractures, skeleton
MRI = specific picture of soft tissue, ligaments, organs

Question 21

minpunten CT vs MRI

Answer 21

CT = babies niet, radiation, dyes can be harmful
MRI = metals niet, loud, claustrophobia, increase body temp

Question 22

wat meet fMRI

Answer 22

activity of magnetic protons -> meer blood supply = meer oxygen-rich hemoglobin -> BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent response) increases bij meer activity van die brain area

Question 23

situatie tijdens initial dip van BOLD bij fMRI

Answer 23

o2 consumption -> meer deoxygenated Hb (want O2 wordt gebruikt) -> decreased BOLD signal

Question 24

situatie tijdens activated state van BOLD bij fMRI

Answer 24

increased blood flow -> lagere deoxy Hb -> hogere BOLD signal

Question 25

fMRI meet in principe… (paar woorden)

Answer 25

ratio tussen oxygenated en deoxygenated Hb

Question 26

x ray + ct scan

quality
temporal
spatial
safety
costs

Answer 26

quality = laag
temporal = medium
spatial = heel hoog
safety = laag
costs = laag

Question 27

MRI + fMRI

quality
temporal
spatial
safety
costs

Answer 27

quality = hoog
temporal = laag
spatial = heel hoog
safety = hoog
costs = hoog

Question 28

EEG + ERP

quality
temporal
spatial
safety
costs

Answer 28

quality = medium
temporal = heel hoog
spatial = medium
safety = hoog
costs = laag

Question 29

PET

quality
temporal
spatial
safety
costs

Answer 29

quality = hoog
temporal = laag
spatial = hoog
safety = laag
costs = heel hoog

Question 30

dus van welke is spatial resolution heel hoog

Answer 30

CT + X RAY
MRI + FMRI

Question 31

van welke is temporal resolution heel hoog

Answer 31

EEG + ERP

Question 32

dus wat heeft EEG + ERP goed

Answer 32

temporal resolution , heel snel

Question 33

dus wat heeft mri en fmri en ct en x ray goed

Answer 33

spatial resolution

Question 34

quality is het hoogste bij

Answer 34

pet en mri + fmri

Question 35

welke is het duurste

Answer 35

pet, daarna mri

Question 36

welke zijn het veiligste

Answer 36

mri, eeg

minst veilig is ct en pet

Question 37

4 stages of diagnostic cycle

Answer 37

1. complaint analysis
2. problem analysis
3. diagnosis
4. indication for treatment

Question 38

complaint analysis via

Answer 38

patient/informant interview

Question 39

problem analysis via

Answer 39

tests

Question 40

diagnosis =

Answer 40

complaint analysis + problem analysis

Question 41

wat meet je via patient/informant interviews

Answer 41

• Origin, nature, course and severity of the complaints
• Impact of complaints on daily functioning
• Impression of premorbid level of functioning (education, work, social)

Question 42

observation: wat observeer je?

Answer 42

• Physical appearance
• Contact
• Language, memory, attention
• Awareness of illness and insight into own functioning
• Mood
• Motivation

Question 43

integration of the data

Answer 43

• Are the test results reliable and valid? (test situation)
• Is the test reliable and valid? (psychometric properties of test)
• Additional observational test information (how is the test performed)

Question 44

reporting

Answer 44

• Professional code
• Verbally
• Written
• Monodisciplinair and multidisciplinair

Question 45

accuracy of the test =

Answer 45

reliability:

• Test-retest reliability (correlation-coefficient)
• Inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa)

Question 46

simulation =

Answer 46

met opzet underperformen zodat je een diagnose krijt

Question 47

suboptimal performance =

Answer 47

patient performs worse than they are actually capable of, due to anxiety, tiredness, depression etc. niet met opzet, maar alsnog wel slechter dan ze kunnen. can get in the way of a diagnosis but can also help it.

Question 48

2 processen die dus leiden tot underperformance

Answer 48

simulation (opzet) suboptimal performance (niet expres)