MYCOLOGY PART III

Question 1

this subcutaneous infection is found in the
soil, on woody plants, roses, sphagnum moss,
etc. It gains entry to the subcutaneous tissues by
traumatic implantation.

The disease is usually of
the lymphocutaneous type which begins about 2-3 weeks after inoculation as a small, hard, movable and non-tender nodule

Answer 1

sporotrichosis

Question 2

this are the causes of this type of mycetoma?

Pseudallescheria boydii- white yellow
(Scedosporium apiospermum)

Acremonium falciforme- white

Exophila jeanselmei- black

Madurella spp. - black

Answer 2

Eumycotic Mycetoma (eukaryotic fungi)

Question 3

actinomycotic mycetoma is a bacteria that can cause _____?

Answer 3

mycetoma

Question 4

a clinical syndrome of localized, indolent, deforming, swollen lesions with draining
sinuses involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, fascia and bone. The lesions are composed of suppurating abscesses which exude purulent material containing the infecting organism in discreet aggregations or “granules.”

These granules are visible to the naked eye and may be white, yellow (“sulfur granules”), red, brown or black depending on the etiologic agent.

Granules contain large aggregates of fungal.

Answer 4

Mycetoma (Madura foot, maduromycosis)

Question 5

sulfur granules are indicative of what type of clinical syndrome?

Answer 5

mycetoma

Question 6

name this type of mycosis:

A very slowly progressing infection, usually on the
extremities, as a result of injection/ splinter of the organism into traumatized skin. This initial event may have occurred so long ago that it is not associated with the present lesion

“cauliflower-like”

muriform cells

Answer 6

Chromomycosis
(chromoblastomycosis)
Fonseca’s Disease

Question 7

blastomycosis is caused by what fungi? what type of classification fungi is this?

Answer 7

Blastomyces dermatitidis

systemic mycoses

Question 8

name this type of mycosis?

Infection begins in the lungs following inhalation of spores

Three general categories of disease follow this initial
primary infection:

1) resolution of lung disease with no evidence of
disease elsewhere,

2) resolution of lung disease with appearance in
other organ systems (cutaneous and osseous
involvement is most common)

3) severe or progressive pulmonary involvement.

Fifty percent of patients have some form of
cutaneous disease, with or without involvement of other organs. Untreated these lesions develop into ulcerated verrucous granulomas which are crusted,
raised, and violaceous

Answer 8

Blastomycosis

(North American Blastomycosis) by Blastomyces dermatiditis

Question 9

name this type of mycosis?

Buds are produced singularly and are attached to parent cell with a much larger indicative broad base

Mycelial form: (25˚C) typical pyriform microconidia (2-4 microns in diameter)

Yeast form: (core body temp) organism is 8-15 microns in diameter.

Answer 9

blastomycosis by Blastomyces dermatiditis

Question 10

name this mycosis?

Primary infection in lungs. Produces ulcerative lesions of oral and nasal cavity

Ships wheel/ Mariners wheel/ mickey mouse cap arrangement.

Similar to B. dermatiditis

Answer 10

Paracoccidioidomycosis

(South American Blastomycosis) caused Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 11

Spores are found in the soil in the endemic area, also in the droppings of birds and bats.

Narrow Neck bud

Engulfed and lives in macrophages→ granuloma formation

Answer 11

Histoplasmosis by Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 12

what is this mycosis?

Infection results after inhalation of dust
containing the arthroconidia of the fungus. May cause “valley fever”, flu like symptoms

oten associated with working in dusty areas
(construction, digging, etc)

Answer 12

Coccidiomycosis by Coccidioides immitis

Question 13

name this aspergillus infection

often blackened lesion

Answer 13

Onchomycosis

Question 14

name this aspergillus infection

Invasion of a
preexisting lung cavity (usually resulting from
tuberculosis) but Aspergillus spp. Can implant in sinus cavity, usually unilateral presentation, maxillary sinus often seen, immunocompetent individuals

Answer 14

Aspergilloma (fungus ball)

Question 15

name this aspergillus infection

an allergic response to the presence of the fungus in the respiratory tract

Answer 15

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Question 16

name this aspergillus infection

only seen in the
compromised host with abnormal neutrophil
function or decreased numbers of these cells; it is a rapidly progressing invasion of tissues, commonly seen in the lung and brain.

Dissemination is
common and mortality rate is 100% untreated
or patient continues to be neutrophil deficient

Answer 16

Invasive aspergillosis

Question 17

name this aspergillus infection

infection of the cornea usually subsequent to trauma

Answer 17

Keratitis

Question 18

name this aspergillus infection

infection of the outer ear, usually with A. niger (black).

Often looks like “wet
newspaper” can even cause swimmers ear, an otomycosis

Answer 18

Otitis externa

Question 19

name this type of mycosis?

Rhinocerebral infection

Caused by members of the Zygomycete family:

Mucor spp.;
Rhizopus spp.;
Absidia spp.

Answer 19

Zygomycoses (Mucormycosis)

Nonseptate

Question 20

seen in the severe,

acidotic diabetic and neutropenic, debilitated hosts

Answer 20

rhinocerebral zygomycosis