FUNGI INTRO

Question 1

fungi are prokaryotes or eukaryotes? cell wall is made of?

Answer 1

eukaryotes

chitin

Question 2

typical shape seen in fungi compared to bacteria?

Answer 2

large ovoid

Question 3

what are fungi limited by? found where in the body?

Answer 3

high oxygen requirement

skin and hair
mucous membranes
respiratory tract

Question 4

what are the two forms of growth for dimorphic fungi at what temps?

Answer 4

yeast (37 degrees) and mold (25 degrees)

Question 5

this dimorphic form is the single cell form via this type of reproduction?

Answer 5

single cell form

budding reproduction like Candida

Question 6

this dimorphic form is the filamentous form with apical growth representing chains of cells

Answer 6

mold-like

Question 7

aerial structure that distributes spores as fungus grows underground

Answer 7

mushroom and toadstool

Question 8

what is found in the cell membrane of fungi that allows for stability as compared to bacteria?

Answer 8

ergosterol and also a chitinous cell wall

Question 9

what is the fungal cell morphology and cell division in yeast and mold?

Answer 9

budding for yeast

apical growth for mold

Question 10

what are the stages of budding for yeast?

what are the stages of budding for mold?

Answer 10

budding
fission
apical extension

aseptate (non-segmented)
septate (segmented cell division)
septate with clamp connection, intercellular junction

Question 11

this type of mold stage has filamentous chains of cells and has substages that are nonsegmented or apical growth with cell divisions

Answer 11

hyphae

• coenocytic hypae
• septate hyphae

Question 12

this type of mold stage has a mass of hyphal growth and gives the appearance of fuzzy looking colony

Answer 12

mycelium

Question 13

this type of mold is designed to raise above surface of growth with specialization of asexual resistant cells

Answer 13

aerial hyphae

Question 14

T/F, fungal spores are more resistant than bacterial endospores?

Answer 14

f, not as resistant

Question 15

a few fungi like the yeast cells produce a protective structure, name an example?

Answer 15

capsule

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 16

name this structure

stem like structure

Answer 16

conidiophore

Question 17

name this structure

vase or flask shaped structure that hold small spores? but more specifically, these are spores that form at ends of finger like phialids?

Answer 17

phialconidia

canidia

Question 18

name this structure

thick walled, round or irregular resting spores, which are capable of reproducing fungus

Answer 18

chlamydospores

Question 19

name this structure

large spore like structure that grows off main stalk, chandeliers of growth

Answer 19

`macroconidium

Question 20

name this structure

smaller spore like structures that grow directly on the main stalk

Answer 20

microconidium

Question 21

name this structure

large sac like structures containing spores, held up by sporangiophore? endospores contained within sac

Answer 21

sporangium

sporangiaspores

Question 22

name this structure

large sac filled with endospores each of which is capable of reproduction produced by coccidioides immitis in vivo

Answer 22

endospherules

Question 23

name this structure

small sexual spores contained within an ascus ? is this sexual or asexual form of reproduction

Answer 23

ascospores

sexual form

Question 24

what are the classifications of fungi?

Answer 24

zygomycetes (asexual and sexual)

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes from the phylum dikaryomycota (sexual)

deuteromycetes (asexual)

Question 25

name this classification of fungi? sexual reproduction occurs though fusion of two compatible gametangia to produce a zygote asexual reproduction is characterized by production of sporagiospores

Answer 25

zygomycetes

Question 26

name this classification of fungi? sexual reproductive fungi that contains both ascomycetes (ringworm, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis) and basidiomycetes

Answer 26

phylum dikaryomycota

Question 27

name this classification of fungi? a sexual stage not observed i.e. candida, trichosporon, torulopsis, epidermophytan

Answer 27

deuteromycetes

Question 28

what are the main effects caused by fungi pathogen?

Answer 28

myxotoxicosis TIH

Question 29

this term used to describe the production of toxic or pharmacologically active metabolites that are ingested

Answer 29

myxotoxicosis

Question 30

what are the general pathogenic characteristics?

Answer 30

ergot alkaloids psychotropic acids aflatoxins stachybatrytoxicosis

Question 31

what are the colonizations of the fungus?

Answer 31

``` superficial mycosis cutaneous mycosis subcutaneous mycosis systemic mycosis opportunistic mycosis ```

Question 32

name this specific colonization? superficial layers of the skin

Answer 32

layers of skin and hair

Question 33

name this specific colonization? invasion of dermis, hair and nails limited to this because of oxygen rquirement

Answer 33

cutaneous mycosis

Question 34

name this specific colonization? invasion the muscles and fascia and inoculated into skin where it can spread downward

Answer 34

subcutaneous mycosis

Question 35

name this specific colonization? usually primary infection of lungs but spread by fungemia

Answer 35

systemic mycosis

Question 36

name this specific colonization? this infection occurs when the individual has compromised CMI that would not cause infection in a healthy individual

Answer 36

opportunistic mycosis

Question 37

dermatophyte lesion, subc mycotic lesion, candida lesion or opportunistic fungal lesion is what type of fungal infection?

Answer 37

primary infection by mycotic agent

Question 38

these bacteria can supplement fungal growth?

Answer 38

stap aureus pseudomonas aeruginosa (fluoresces green with woods lamp) klebsiella, e coli, serratia corynebacterium minitissimum (fluoresces coral red with woods lamp)

Question 39

if bacteria supplement fungus what happens in microscopic obersvations?

Answer 39

must do a gram stain

Question 40

growth rate for non pathogenic saprophytic fungi? pathogens?

Answer 40

fast(2-3 days) or moderate(3-5 days) slow(5-10 days) or (very slow >10 days)

Question 41

biochemical testing of yeasts?

Answer 41

carb assimilation urease test (candida negative)