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KSUCPM MEDMICRO > BACTERIAL NUTRITION > Flashcards

BACTERIAL NUTRITION Flashcards

1
Q

any mod of the base sequence of a gene the produces an alteration in the encoded protein or any change in the cell’s genotype

A

mutation

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2
Q

a mutation occurring spontaneously due to cellular mistake and or lack of repair of mistake

A

spontaneous mutation

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3
Q

a mutation induced by the exposure to a mutagenic agent

A

induced mutation

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4
Q

This is when a point mutation occurs, but it doesn’t change the organism. It may be a mutation that doesn’t occur on a gene so the codons aren’t affected, or it may code for a similar amino acid that still functions correctly.

A

silent mutation

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5
Q

in this mutation, a codon is altered in such a way that it leads to a premature stop before the protein is done?

A

nonsense mutation

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6
Q

when one DNA nucleotide is changed so that a different amino acid is inserted into a protein

A

missense mutation

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7
Q

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read. A DNA sequence is a chain of many smaller molecules called nucleotides

A

frameshift mutation

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8
Q

what are the two types of induced mutations?

A

mutagenesis

mutagenic agents

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9
Q

this type of light can cross link adjacent pyrimidines and is a form of induced mutation?

A

ultraviolet light

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10
Q

this type of induced mutation can cause chain breakage?

A

x-rays

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11
Q

this type of induced mutation can distort base attacking resulting in small deletions and insertion?

A

acridine

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12
Q

this type of induced mutation leads to the deamination of cytosine and adenine, so they pair with A and C instead of G and T?

A

nitrous acid

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13
Q

this type of induced mutation can modify C so that it pairs like T?

A

hydroxylamine

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14
Q

name the type of mutagen:

UV light
x-rays

A

physical carcinogen

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15
Q

name the type of mutagen:

5-bromouracil
2-aminopurine
nitrous acid
hydroxyl amine
nitrogen mustard
nitrosoguanidine
acridine
A

chemical carcinogen

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16
Q

name the type of mutagen:

insertion sequence
transposons

A

biological carcinogen

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17
Q

the following mechanisms are examples of what?

genetic elements from two separate genomes or parts of genomes are brought together in one unit

exchange and resegregation

asexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

A

genetic recombination

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18
Q

this type of genetic recombination?

naked DNA taken up especially in GI

A

transformation

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19
Q

this type of genetic recombination?

direct transfer from F+ to F-

1) donor cell (F+)
2) recipient cell (F-)
3) sex plus and cytoplasmic bridge

A

conjugation

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20
Q

this type of genetic recombination?

can be generalized or specialized

the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterial cell by a virus or viral vector.

An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer

A

transduction

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21
Q

what are the nutrient requirements for bacteria?

A

CHNOPS

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22
Q

this is the term used to describe bacteria highly specialized to the environment metabolic requirements and is primarily pathogenic bacteria? name an example?

A

fastidious

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

23
Q

in terms of nutrient classification, what are the two types of energy source and carbon source?

A

light and chemical

CO2 and organic carbon

24
Q

bacteria that use light for food?

A

phototrophs

25
Q

bacteria that uses chemicals for food?

A

chemotrophs that can use organic (heterotrophs) or inorganic (autotrophs)

26
Q

bacteria that uses CO2 for food?

A

autotrophs (lithotrophs)

27
Q

bacteria that uses organic carbon for food?

A

heterotrophs (organotrophs)

28
Q

pH range for most bacteria?pathogens?

A

6-7.8

7-7.5

29
Q

acidic range for most fungi?

A

4-4.5

30
Q

opt growth in acidic range?

A

acidophilic

31
Q

withstands low pH?

A

acidiuric

32
Q

produces acids?

A

acidogenic

33
Q

this is an example of basophilic bacteria?

A

natronomonas pharaonic

34
Q

in terms of osmolarity, most pathogens and bacteria show significant growth here?

A

isotonic

35
Q

osmophilic
halophilic
osmoduric

show significant here?

A

hypertonic solutions

36
Q

most bacteria are able to survive but do not grow optimally due to cell wall, beta lactams take advantage of this

A

hypotonic

37
Q

this type of media is highly defined with an exact known?

A

chemically defined media

38
Q

this type of media provides all generally required nutrients in unknown amounts?

A

general purpose media

39
Q

what are the examples of media?

A

enriched media
selective media
differential media
transport media

40
Q

this type of media is used for:

TSA
brain heart infusion
blood agar

A

enriched media

41
Q

this type of media is used for:

medium containing substance that prevents the certain bacteria from growing?

A

selective media

42
Q

name this media:

medium containing substance that allows you to ID the growth of certain org?

A

differential media

43
Q

name this media?

medium designated to allow survival of organisms without growth of org

A

transport media

44
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis has this type of oxygen requirements?

A

obligate aerobes

45
Q

C. Botulinum and C. difficle has this type of oxygen requientment?

A

obligate anaerobes

46
Q

E. coli, S. aureus has this type of oxygen requirement?

A

facultative anaerobes

47
Q

Campylobacter, Helicobacter pylori have this type of oxygen requirement?

A

microaerophile

48
Q

temp range for this type of bacteria at -5 to 20 C?

A

psychrophiles

49
Q

temp range for this type of bacteria 20-40 C?

A

mesophiles

50
Q

temp range for this type of bacteria 60 C?

A

thermophiles

51
Q

autoclave at what degree C or PSI?

A

121 deg C or 15 PSI

52
Q

what are the steps in ID of bacterial culture?

A 
obtain a pure culture
determine cell shape and arrangement
determine differential staining characteristics
determine cultural characteristics
determine biochemical characteristics

leads to genus and species

53
Q

equation for growth rate and generation?

A

final=inital x 2^n

54
Q

how to quatify bacterial growth?

A

growth rate and generation

methods of measuring culture growth CFU/ml

KSUCPM MEDMICRO (52 decks)

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