BACTERIOLOGY STRUCTURE Flashcards
what are the different shapes of bacteria?
cocci (sphere)
bacillus (rod)
spirochete
what are the arrangements of the cocci bacteria?
pairs and singles
chains
clusters
what are the arrangements of the bacillus bacteria?
pairs and singles
chains
flagellated bacilli
what are the arrangements of the spirochete bacteria?
borrelia
treponema
spirilla
what is the significance of the capsules for bacteria?
- adherence
- inhibition of phagocytosis like opsonization especially for respiratory tract
- antigenicity like polysaccharides and proteins
what is the importance of the cell wall?
cell shape environmental survival phagocytic recognition staining reactions antigenicity
what part of the cell do beta lactam antibiotics affect?
cell wall
what is significant of the G+ cell wall structure?
pentaglycine cross-link via 3-4 between L-Lys and D-Ala
what is significant of the G- cell wall structure?
direct cross-link via 3-4 between L-DAP and D-Ala
why is bactoprenol important?
its a lipid protein that flips and builds onto growing peptidoglycan layer
why is techoic acid important?
it keeps the peptidoglycan layer from floating around
this drug binds to the amino acid side chain of NAM molecules, interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis?
vancomycin
this drug interferes with the formation of the peptide side chains between adjacent strands of peptidoglycan by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins?
B-lactam drugs
this drug interferes with the transport of peptidoglycan precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane, affecting the bactoprenol?
bacitracin
this is a type of beta lactam with sulfabactam blocking penicillinase activity?
tazobactam
beta lactam antibiotics work by interfering with cell wall synthesis thus they are considered?
bacteriostatics
important component of the gram positive cell wall?
wall teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid
important component of the gram negative cell wall? which one is the endotoxin?
lipopolysaccharide made of O polysaccharide and lipid A
lipid A
what are the components of the acid fast bacteria?
mycolic acid
arabinogalactan
name the stain?
positive staining
negative staining
simple staining
name the stain?
gram staining
acid staining
spore staining
differential staining
name the stain?
capsule staining
flagella staining
special staining
describe the motion of the flagellum?
propeller like motion
describe the motion of the cilia?
back and forth beating
what is the function of the bacterial pili?
adherence
transfer of genetic material
name for this type of flagellum?
single flagellum
mono-trichous
name for this type of flagellum?
a tuft of flagella found at one of the cell poles
lopho-trichous
name for this type of flagellum?
single flagellum found at each of the two opposite poles
amphi-trichous
name for this type of flagellum?
multiple flagella found at several locations about the cell
peri-trichous
what are the basic components of the bacterial flagellum?
whip like filament a motor complex hook that connects them proto filaments bundles held by a cap motor complex made of rings anchoring the flagellum
mycobacterium tuberculosis
M. Leprae
M. Smegmatis
Nocardia-actinomycete
all these bacterium have this?
Mycolic acids (acidic)
procedure for acid fast cell wall ID?
carbol fuchsin (basic) with heat
acid alcohol (decolorizer)
methylene blue
implications of general flagella movements?
response to attractants
movement in body fluids
what is this means of genetic information?
a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material (naked DNA) from the environment.
transformation
what is this means of genetic information?
a process of genetic recombination in bacteria in which genes from a host cell (a bacterium) are incorporated into the genome of a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) and then carried to another host cell when the bacteriophage initiates another cycle of infection
transduction
what is this means of genetic information?
the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells
bacterial conjugation
what is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
semipermeable
active transport
secretion
what is the respiratory activity of the bacterial cell membrane?
energy production occurs
TCA enzymes
ETChain
so if a cell membrane has a significant number of unsaturated fats, what happens to the membrane with increasing temp?
it becomes more fluid
prokaryotic ribosome?
50s
30s
70s
eukaryotic ribosome?
60s
40s
80s
what are the examples of endospores? clinical significance?
bacillus
clostridium
survive heat, dry, radiation, chemicals
