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KSUCPM MEDMICRO > MODULE III > Flashcards

MODULE III Flashcards

1
Q

Study mechanisms by which self and non-self are recognized and potentially rejected if “nonself”

A

immunology

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2
Q

constantly present and immediate protection

against encroachment against nonspecifc antigens

A

innate immunity

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3
Q

what is the equation for serum?

A

plasma(liquid part in blood before coagulation)-fibrinogen(for clotting)

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4
Q

what is the role of the immune system?

A 
against:
infections
tumors
self
nonself
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5
Q

what are the lines of immune defense?

A

anatomical barriers like skin, ciliary clearance, low stomach pH, lysozyme

innate-cellular (NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, eosinophils)
humoral-complement system

adaptive-cellular being T and B cells
Humoral-antibodies

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6
Q

this type of immunity is Genetically programmed system

designed to recognize and respond to specific non-self encroaching materials?

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

in a nutshell, describe the adaptive immune system?

A

lymphocytes create a response whether it be T or B cells based off information provided to them by the APCs

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8
Q

which immune system is this?

nonspecific, fast, no amplification, short

A

innate immunity

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9
Q

which immune system is this?

high specificity, slow, significant amplification, long, memory

A

adaptive immunity

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10
Q

innate immune cells stem from?

A

myeloid progenitor cells

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11
Q

adaptive immune cells stem from? examples?

A

lymphoid progenitor cells

B and T cells, remember that B lymphocytes become plasma cells that secrete antibodies

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12
Q

what defines the need for specific cell differentiation from bone marrow?

A

cytokines

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13
Q

catching a cold is an example of what type of activity immunity?

A

active natural

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14
Q

vaccinations are a type of what active immunity?

A

active artificial

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15
Q

breast feeding is an example of what type of passive immunity?

A

passive natural

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16
Q

anti-tetanus injections are a type of what passive immunity?

A

passive artificial

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17
Q

what are the examples of external non-specific defense mechanisms?

A

mechanical exclusion
biochemical factors
microbial antagonism
physical actions

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18
Q

what are the examples of the internal nonspecific innate defense mechanisms?

A

tissue phagocytic cells

blood phagocytic cells

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19
Q

name this blood phagocytic cell in response to acute bacterial infection?

A

neutrophils

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20
Q

name this blood phagocytic cell in response to parasitic infection or Type I hypersensitivity?

A

eosinophils

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21
Q

name this blood phagocytic cell in response to viral infection, chronic bacterial infection, protozoan infection, or metabolic condition

A

lymphocytes

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22
Q

PAMPs and DAMPs are innate or adaptive signaling molecules?

A

innate signaling molecules

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23
Q

these innate signaling molecules recognize structures that are shared by various types of microbes?

A

PAMPs (TLRs)

24
Q

these innate signaling molecules are associated with damaged or necrotic tissues?

A

DAMPs (NOD)

25
Q

this is involved in regulating type 2 diabetes and also targeting macrophage polarization?

A

metformin

26
Q

this is the most potent bactericidal system of neutrophils?

A

H2O2-MPO-Halide system

27
Q

this soluble noncellular factor are the macromolecules that become attached to microbes and can be recognized by surface receptors on the neutrophils and macrophage, which increases the efficiency of phagocytosis?

A

opsonins

28
Q

this results as formation at inflammatory sites and isolates foreign and damaged cellular materials? the negative being that the bacterial cell produces coagulase and is masked by fibrin

A

fibrin

29
Q

this is a system of about 30 separate proteins and protein fragments present in blood serum that are present as independent, inactive proteins capable of being activated to interact with each other to mediate and control cell membrane damage on foreigh cells?

A

the complement system

30
Q

function of C1 inhibitor? what disease does this lead to If there is a deficiency here

A

blocks activation of C1

hereditary angioedema

31
Q

function of factor H?

A

spontaneous decay of C3 converts to C3bBb

32
Q

function of factor I?

A

inhibit C3 convertase

33
Q

these are cell regulatory glycoproteins cytokines produced by many cell types that communicate antiviral and immune regulatory activity?

A

interferons

34
Q

what are the 4 unique items of the adaptive immune response?

A

specificity
memory (primary vs secondary response)
specialization (humoral-extracellular vs cellular-intracellular)
tolerance of self

35
Q

what are the examples of lymphocytes?

A

B and T lymphocytes

36
Q

what are the examples of APCs?

A

dendritic cells
macrophages
B cells
follicular dendritic cells

37
Q

what are the examples of effector cells?

A

T lymphocytes
macrophages
granulocytes

38
Q

describe T lymphocytes?

A

migrate to peripheral lymph nodes

high response to antigen

heterogenous to lymph nodes, mucosa, inflamed tissue

39
Q

describe B lymphocytes?

A

release IgM and IgD initially and then IgG, IgA and IgE

memory lymphocytes are high

antibody secretion

40
Q

what are the Gnotobiotic organisms?

A

smaller zones, less numbers, less to infect, short life span

41
Q

a molecular entity like a virus or bacteria that produces a humoral or cell mediated immune response?

A

immunogen

42
Q

a molecular entity that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor

A

antigen

43
Q

the sequence of an antigen that is recognized and bound by an Ab or TCR or molecular presentation surface marker?

A

epitope

44
Q

a low molecular weight molecule that is not immunogenic but can be made immunogenic by conjugation to a non immunogenic carrier. Basically a partial antigen. BSA is a common carrier

A

hapten

45
Q

a glycoprotein produced by B cell lymphocytes in response to a specific immunogen and can recognize and bind to the immunogen that triggered its production

A

immunoglobulin/antibody

46
Q

what type of antigen/imunogne is this?

multivalent, polyvalent types of Ab

multispecific

epitope

A

multispecific complete immunogen

47
Q

what are the characteristics of immunogen?

A

foreign
molecular weight
complex

48
Q

for antigens, which chemical make up is the best?

hint: proteins, carbs, nucleic acids, lipids

A

proteins

nucleic acids are the worst

lipids are nonimmunogenic

carbs may or may not be immunogenic

49
Q

what is the significance of adjuvants?

mechanisms

A

it enhances immune response to an immunogen when introduced with a weak immunogen

depot

irritant to promote accumulation

stimulation

freunds adjuvant

50
Q

what is the composition of the peptide chains that make up the antibodies?

A 
heavy chains
light chains
constant region
variable region
disulfide linkage
hinge region
51
Q

this is the antibody binding site?

A

Fab fragment

52
Q

this is the crystallization fragment, not a constant fragment?

A

Fc fragment

53
Q

significance of Pepsin? Papain?

A

F(ab)2 and chewed up AAs

2 Fab + Fc

54
Q

this is the antibody binding site?

A

Fab fragment

55
Q

this is the crystallization fragment, not a constant fragment?

A

Fc fragment

56
Q

significance of Pepsin? Papain?

A

F(ab)2 and chewed up AAs

2 Fab + Fc

KSUCPM MEDMICRO (52 decks)

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