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KSUCPM MEDMICRO > BACTERIAL CONTROL > Flashcards

BACTERIAL CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

approaches to bacterial control?

A

daily life like washing/scrubbing with soaps and detergents

hospitals maintaining SOP and preventing nosocomial infections

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2
Q

chemical methods of microbial control*? name the principles

A

disinfectant
organic matter
pH
time

*compared to phenol, if more effective >1, less effective phenol coefficient is <1

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3
Q

name this antimicrobial term?

destruction or removal of all microbial life (including spores)

A

sterilization

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4
Q

name this antimicrobial term?

destroying and removing many vegetative pathogens from inanimate objects not including spores?

A

disinfection

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5
Q

name this antimicrobial term?

chemical destruction of vegetative pathogens in/on living tissues

A

antiseptics

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6
Q

name this antimicrobial term?

mechanical removal of microbes from limited area

A

degerming

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7
Q

name this antimicrobial term?

mechanically reduce microbial population to safe levels to eat or drink from

A

decontamination/sanitization

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8
Q

examples include bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal and kills microbes, what is this type of solution called?

A

microbicides

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9
Q

this type of technique is aseptic and inhibits or slows growth?

A

microbistatic

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10
Q

what are the physical methods of microbial control?

A

temperature
filtration
radiation
osmotic pressure

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11
Q

what are some chemical methods of microbial control?

A 
phenolics
alcohols
halogens
heavy metals
surfactants 
peroxygens
aldehydes 
gases
antimicrobial drug
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12
Q

what is the order of susceptibility to chemical agents for microbes, starting from most to least?

A 
enveloped viruses
fungi
non enveloped viruses
mycobacterial species
bacterial endospores
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13
Q

chemical agent used for bacterial endospores?

A

chemical sterilants

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14
Q

chemical agent for mycobacterial species?

A

high level agents

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15
Q

chemical agent for non enveloped viruses?

A

intermediate level agents

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16
Q

chemical agents for fungi and enveloped viruses?

A

low level agents

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17
Q

what are the factors that influence antimicrobial action?

A 
type of microbe
number of organism
environment 
-Temp
-pH
-other organic matter present
-heat stability
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18
Q

what are the targets of antimicrobial agents?

A

cell membrane
DNA
proteins
mutation

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19
Q

what is the effect of low temperature on microbial control?

A

a microbiostatic that slows the metabolism

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20
Q

what are examples of high temp methods of physical control for microbes that use dry heat?

A

hot air ovens (sterilization)

incineration (direct flame)

21
Q

what are examples of high temp methods of physical control for microbes that use moist heat?

A

boiling (time sensitive)
pasteurization
pressurized steam (autoclave)

*10 min for pathogens

22
Q

this type of moist heat high temp technique kills high temp sensitive pathogens like in milk but food still spoils?

A

pasteurization

23
Q

how are temperatures above boiling achieved?

a) sealed containers
b) increased speed of heating
c) pressure
d) use of water versus other solvents

A

c) pressure

24
Q

what are the considerations for killing pathogens?

A

thermal death time

thermal death point (TDP)

25
Q

this is the length of time needed to kill a population of cells at a set temperature

A

thermal death time

26
Q

this is the minimum temperature at which a population will die in a set time usually 10 minutes

A

thermal death point

27
Q

this is a technique used to physically remove microbes via pores for liquids or a gas? examples?

A

filtration like HEPA filter

mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia

28
Q

what does HEPA stand for in filtration?

A

high efficiency particulate air

pore size - 0.3 micrometer and used for bacterial cells, endospores, viruses

29
Q

these types of ionizing radiation wavelengths are very lethal, penetrating sterilization, low level used on spices, meats, vegetables, high levels on medical supplies?

A

x-rays, electron beam, gamma rays

30
Q

UV light acts as a _____?

A

bactericidal

31
Q

what are the examples of ionizing radiation? non-ionizing?

A 
gamma rays (for food)
x-rays

infrared
microwaves
radio waves

increased wavelength going from ionizing to non ionizing

32
Q

this type of wavelength crosslinks DNA creating thymine-thymine dimers, used for surface sterilization?

A

UV light

33
Q

this type of wavelength excites water molecules and can be used to disinfect kitchen sponges?

A

microwaves

34
Q

drying
salts/sugars
nitrates

what are these examples of?

A

food preservation methods

35
Q

effectiveness in the chemical agents of microbial control depends on?

A

environmental
exposure time
microbial agent

36
Q

T/F, disinfectants are sterilizing agents?

A

F, they are not

37
Q

this scientist defined disinfection of equipment based on use?

A

Eagle Spaulding -1957

38
Q 
H2O2
alcohol 60-95%
hypochlorite
QUAT
ionophore

is what level of disinfection?

A

low level disinfection

39
Q

2% glutaraldehyde
6% H2O2
Pasteurization
0.2% per acetic acid

is what level of disinfection?

A

high level disinfection

40
Q

this type of disinfecting and antiseptic chemical targets plasma membrane

i.e.- lysol, chlorhexidine, triclosan

A

phenolics

41
Q

this type of disinfecting and antiseptic chemical disrupts membranes, denatures, and dehydrates

i.e.- hand sanitizers

A

alcohols

42
Q

this type of disinfecting and antiseptic chemical inactivates proteins, destroys broad types of organisms and viruses

this specific element is used for tincture or ionophore and acts as a topical antisepsis

A

halogens

iodine

43
Q

this type of disinfecting and antiseptic chemical combines with enzymes/proteins

broad variety of microorganisms

low concentrations can be applied in treatment for pathogenic infections

A

heavy metals

44
Q

this is a type of synthetic surfactant that works by decreasing surface tension, disrupts lipid cell membranes, works by emulsification, wash hands for 30 seconds, rinse 10 seconds

A

soap

45
Q

this type of disinfecting and antiseptic chemical is a positively charged detergent, so stronger surfactants, act against cell membrane, less toxic to humans, broad variety of microorganisms

A

quaternary ammonium compounds (quats; cationic detergents)

46
Q

this type of disinfectant oxidizes cellular protein components

i.e. H2O2, benzoyl peroxide

what does H2O2 eliminate?Benzoyl peroxide?

A

peroxygens

anaerobic pathogens
acne treatments

47
Q

this type of sterilant inactivates proteins and DNA, killing vegetative cells, viruses, and endospores, skin irritant

limited to sterilizing instruments and equipment?

A

aldehydes

48
Q

this type of sterilant inactivates proteins and DNA

useful in sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items, high penetration, kills spores and microbes

explosive, burns on contact with skin

A

sterilizing gases like ethylene oxide and choline dioxide

KSUCPM MEDMICRO (52 decks)

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