Module 3B

Question 1

trasnfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 1

helps a cell to translate mRNA into protein

Question 2

what is being syntheiszed by ribosome

Answer 2

tRNA transfer amino acids from pool of cytoplasmic pool to the growing polypeptde thats being syntheiszed

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large and a small subunit

Question 4

what does each tRNA carry

Answer 4

amino acid on the end

Question 5

wobble

Answer 5

Flexibility in the base-pairing rules in which the nucleotide at the 5′end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position (3′ end) of a codon.

Question 6

what is the primary structure

Answer 6

polypeptide chain for the amino acids being linked

Question 7

secodary structure

Answer 7

alpha helix and beta sheets stabilized by a hydrogen bond

Question 8

tertiary structure

Answer 8

side-chain interactions

Question 9

how many aminoacyl tRNA synthetatses are there for each amino acid

Answer 9

20

Question 10

what is the first stage of translation

Answer 10

initiation

Question 11

what is initiation in translation

Answer 11

brings together mRNA and tRNA with start anticodon encoding methionine in eukaryotes and the ribosomal subunits

Question 12

what is the second stage of translation

Answer 12

elongation

Question 13

what is elongation in translation

Answer 13

amino acids added to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 14

what is the third stage of translation

Answer 14

termination

Question 15

what is termination in translation

Answer 15

Elongation continues until a stop codon (UGA, UAG, UAA) in the mRNA is reached and a release factor binds to the stop codon

Question 16

what do proteins form during translation

Answer 16

secondary and tertiary structures

Question 17

what may be needed for the protein to function properly

Answer 17

post translational modifications: polypeptide chains bind together

Question 18

what forms a polyribosome

Answer 18

a number of ribosomes can translate a single mRNA simultaneously

Question 19

Polyribosome

Answer 19

group of several ribosomes attached to and translating the same mRNA

Question 20

what do polyribosomes enable cells to to make

Answer 20

many copies of a polypeptide very quickly

Question 21

is transcription more complex in eukaryotes or bacteria

Answer 21

eukaryotes

Question 22

does bacteria or eukaryotes have the larger ribsoome with different molecular streucture

Answer 22

eukaryote

Question 23

where does transcription and translation occur in bacteria

Answer 23

cytoplasm

Question 24

where does transcription occur in eukaryotes

Answer 24

nucleus

Question 25

where does translation occur in eukaryotes

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

what can bacteria simultaneously do

Answer 26

transcribe and translate at the same gene

Question 27

a gene is a DNA ____

Answer 27

sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain

Question 28

is DNA deoxyribose

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

example of how structure determines function

Answer 29

Structure and function are intertwined
Endorphin molecules (produced by the body) and morphine molecules (a manufactured drug), fit into receptor proteins on the surface of brain producing euphoria and relieving pain