4f slides

Question 1

where does mitosis occur

Answer 1

in somatic cells

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

cell division occurring in somatic cells that results in diploid daughter cells with identical genetic information, DNA

Question 3

meisosi

Answer 3

special type of cell division that occurs in gamete and produces haploid non-identical daughter cells

Question 4

dploid

Answer 4

cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent

Question 5

haploid

Answer 5

cell containing one set of chromosomes

Question 6

gametes

Answer 6

haploid reproductive cell such as an egg or sperm; gametes unit during sexual reproduction to produce diploid zygote

Question 7

what are the two steps of meiosis

Answer 7

meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 8

meiosis I

Answer 8

homologs are seperated

Question 9

meiosis II

Answer 9

sister chromatids are separated

Question 10

What is created with fertilization of egg and sperm reestablishing the pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

creates diploid cell

Question 11

what type of lifestyle do plants and algae exhbiti

Answer 11

Alteration of generations where there is a multicellular diploid and haploid form

Question 12

what would happen if meiosis and mitosis did not alternate (only had one type in cells)

Answer 12

there would either be a continuous reduction of chromosomes (meiosis) or a continuous accumulation of chromosomes (mitosis)

Question 13

what is n

Answer 13

number of distinct chromosomes

Question 14

what is meiosis precedded by

Answer 14

interphase which includes S phase

Question 15

what does meiosis reduce

Answer 15

number of chromosome sets from diploid ot haploid

Question 16

crossing over

Answer 16

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis results in a mix of parental characteristics in offspring

Question 17

chiasmata

Answer 17

x shaped region where crossing over has occurred earlier in prophase I between homologous non-sister chromatids

Question 18

what attaches in prophase I of meiosis

Answer 18

microtubules attach in kinetochores at the centromere of each homolog

Question 19

what interaction happens in meiosis I but not mitosis

Answer 19

the homologous chromosomes interact

Question 20

what forms in prophase 1

Answer 20

spindles form, nuclear envelope fragments, chromosomes condense

Question 21

when do crossing over at the chiasmata between homologous chromosomes occur

Answer 21

prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 22

what phase is this

Answer 22

prophase I of meiosis

Question 23

what aligns during metaphase I

Answer 23

pairs of homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate

Question 24

what are attache din metaphase I

Answer 24

bother chromatids of one homolog are attached to kinetochore microtubules from one pole

Question 25

what phase does independent assortment occur

Answer 25

metaphase I

Question 26

independent assortment

Answer 26

first meiotic division randomly sorts maternal and paternal homologs ->variation in offspring

Question 27

what phase is this

Answer 27

metaphase I of meiosis

Question 28

what happens during anaphase I of meiosis

Answer 28

Homologous chromosomes pulled apart towards opposite ends/poles of the cell

Question 29

what phase is this

Answer 29

anaphase I of meiosis

Question 30

what happens in telophase I and cytokinesis

Answer 30

two haploid cells form, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids withr regions of non-sister chromatid DNA

Question 31

what happens in prophase II

Answer 31

sindle apparatus forms

Question 32

what happens in metaphase II

Answer 32

chromosomes align on metaphase plate; microtubules attach to kinetochores

Question 33

what happens in anaphase II

Answer 33

chromatids pulled apart and toward opposite ends of the cell

Question 34

what happens in telophase II of meiosis II

Answer 34

nuclei form, chromosomes condense

Question 35

what are duplicated chromosomes held together by

Answer 35

cohesins

Question 36

what begins to form and attach the homologs

Answer 36

zipper like protein complex (synaptonemal complex)

Question 37

where are homologs located

Answer 37

synapsis

Question 38

what occurs at synapsis

Answer 38

where DNA breaks are closed up by joining with the non-sister chromatid, producing crossovers

Question 39

what does the synapsis produce

Answer 39

crossovers

Question 40

synapsis

Answer 40

pairing and physical connection of one duplicated chromosomes to its homlog during prophase I of meiosis

Question 41

what happens to chromsomes as they move to metaphase plate

Answer 41

they condense

Question 42

what are three events unique to meiosis that occur during meiosis I

Answer 42

1)synapsis and corssing over 2)alignment of homologous pair at the metaphase plate
3)seperation of homologs

Question 43

DNA replication during mitosis

Answer 43

interphase before mitososi begins

Question 44

DNA replication for meiososi

Answer 44

interphase befroe meiosis I begins and but not before meiosisi II

Question 45

number of divisions during mitosis

Answer 45

1

Question 46

number of divisions during meiosis

Answer 46

2

Question 47

are there synopsis in mitosis

Answer 47

no

Question 48

are there synopsis during meiosis

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

number of daughter cells and genetic composition in mitosis

Answer 49

2, identical to parent

Question 50

number of daughter cells nd genetic composition in meiosis

Answer 50

4, not identical to parent

Question 51

roles of mitosis

Answer 51

growth and repair

Question 52

roles of meiosis

Answer 52

genetic variation in offspring