Module 2E Flashcards
nucleic acids
macromolecules composed of polymers called polynucleotides
what is each polynucleotide made of
monomers called nucleotides
examples of nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
nucleotides
building blocks of polynucleotides consisting of a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one to three phosphate groups
what is the structures of double stranded DNA or single stranded RNA is dependent on
hydrogen bonding that forms base pairs
trasnfer RNA
transport amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome
does trasnfer RNA contain double helix
no
what does deoxy mean
lacking oxygen
phosphodiester bond
covalent link between phosphate group and sugars of two nucleotides
what is the major difference between RNA and DNA
hydroxyl group on 2 prime carbon in RNA and Uracil instead of Thymine
how do double helix, the two backbones run
in opposite 5’->3’ directions from each other (anti parallel)
A binds to
T (uracil)
C binds to
G
gene
amino acid sequence of polypeptides by a unit of inheritance
mRNA
single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene and is read by ribosomes in the process of synthesizing a protein
who reported DNA composition in 1950
Erwin Chargaff
who produced a pcitrue of the DNA molceule using x-ray crytallography
Rosalin Franklin
X-ray crystallography
determines molecular structure of a crystal by hitting the crystal with x-rays and seeing how the x-rays diffract
what did James watson do
built a model in which the backbones were antiparallel
Is DNA uniformed in width
yes, purine and pyrimidine widths is consistent with X-ray data
what helps stabilize DNA
short distance between bases
DNA is how narrow and how long
very and very
what is DNA in eukaryotes wrapped around in and what does it form
wrapped around histone proteins to form condensed chromosomes
who was the first black women to earn a PhD in chemistry in the US in 1947
Dr. Daly
semiconservative model
Replication predicts that each daughter molecule will have one old strand (conserved from the parent molecule) and one newly made strand
helicase
opens up the double strand
DNA polymerase
catalyzes synthesis of new DNA at a replication fork
leading/lagging strands
are new complimentary strand (5’->3’)
what does “ase” at the end of a word indicate
enzyme
what are RNA primers used for
to initiate the synthesis. of both the leading and lagging strands
what does DNA ligase do
removes primers and seals the DNA together
mutations are a source of
genetic variation upon which natural selection operates and are ultimately responsible for the appearance of new species
