Module 2C

Question 1

monomer

Answer 1

repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer

Question 2

what forms when monomers combine and how

Answer 2

polymers because of polymerization

Question 3

polymer

Answer 3

long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

Question 4

what are lipids made of

Answer 4

fatty acids

Question 5

what are carbohydtraes a source of

Answer 5

energy and provide structural support

Question 6

what are the structures of the four important classes of biological macromolecules

Answer 6

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids

Question 7

function of proteins

Answer 7

catalyzing reactions and transporting substances into and out of cells

Question 8

nucleic acid function

Answer 8

store genetic info and function in gene expression

Question 9

what do lipids not mix well with

Answer 9

water

Question 10

key functions of lipids

Answer 10

providing energy, making up cell membranes, and acting as hormones

Question 11

polymerization

Answer 11

monomers are linked through condensation reactions during which a small molecule is released by enzymes

Question 12

what do dehydration reactions synthesize

Answer 12

carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 13

dehydration reaction

Answer 13

two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule (hydroxyl group from monomer and H from a polymer)

Question 14

depolymerization

Answer 14

breakdown of polymers into monomers driven by enzy,es

Question 15

hydrolysis

Answer 15

reverse of dehydration reaction

Question 16

what is hydrolysis important for

Answer 16

digestion

Question 17

why does depolymerization occur

Answer 17

because of hydrolysis

Question 18

proteins are one or more

Answer 18

polypeptides (polymer of amino acids) that have folded into specific shapes

Question 19

what provides diversity of proteins

Answer 19

sequence of amino acids

Question 20

defensive proetins

Answer 20

antibodies

Question 21

storage proetins

Answer 21

amino acid source (casein)

Question 22

transport proteins

Answer 22

bind and carry non-polar molecules throughout blood

Question 23

hormones

Answer 23

insulin

Question 24

what are the motor proteins

Answer 24

actin and myosin

Question 25

what are the structural proteins

Answer 25

keratin and collagen

Question 26

polypedtides are polymers built from a set of monomers made up of

Answer 26

20 different amino acids

Question 27

what are amino acids

Answer 27

organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups

Question 28

how do amino acids differ in their properties

Answer 28

due to various chemical processes of their side chains or R groups

Question 29

peptides are a certain type of

Answer 29

bond

Question 30

non-polar amino acids have

Answer 30

R groups rich in methyl or ring structures

Question 31

poalr uncharged amino acids have

Answer 31

one or more -OH, SH, NH2, or combination of these

Question 32

electrically charged amino acids have

Answer 32

carboxyl - COOH or NH3 in R and full charge

Question 33

acidic amino acids are

Answer 33

negatively charged with carboxyls

Question 34

basic amino acids are

Answer 34

+ charge with NH3 or N-containing rings

Question 35

how do nonpolar bonds share electrons

Answer 35

equally

Question 36

ionic bond

Answer 36

formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 37

how are amino acids linked

Answer 37

by covalent peptide bonds