Module 2 Ch2,4,5,16

Question 1

blending inheritance

Answer 1

offspring inherit an average of the parent’s traits
-popular theory during the 1800s

Question 2

particulate inheritance

Answer 2

hereditary elements are passed on its discrete units rather than “blended” together at each new generation
-true to our theory today

Question 3

pangesis

Answer 3

the idea that “gemmules” derived from all parts of the body hold information regarding specific traits

Question 4

discrete traits

Answer 4

maintain a distinct phenotype

Question 5

monogenetic

Answer 5

controlled by 1 gene

Question 6

quantitative traits

Answer 6

have a phenotypic range

Question 7

polygenetic

Answer 7

controlled by multiple genes

Question 8

what do regulatory genes control

Answer 8

expression of a protein and therefore the amount of the protein

Question 9

discrete traits

Answer 9

those which maintain a distinct phenotype

Question 10

true breeding

Answer 10

an organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring of many generations

Question 11

gene

Answer 11

unit of inheritance

Question 12

allele

Answer 12

alternate form of a gene, each parent cell has two alleles, they segregate during gamete formation. the offspring inherits one allele from each parent (determines appearence)

Question 13

locus

Answer 13

location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most cells; carrier of genetic information

Question 15

homozygous

Answer 15

having two identical alleles for a specific gene

Question 16

heterozygous

Answer 16

having two non identical alleles for a specific gene

Question 17

dominace

Answer 17

one allele masks the phenotype (appearance) of another

Question 18

recessive allele

Answer 18

an allele with a phenotypic effect that is not seen in the heterozygote

Question 19

co-dominance

Answer 19

phenotype of both alleles exhibited in the heterozygote

Question 20

incomplete dominance

Answer 20

the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate compared to the phenotype of the homozygotes

Question 21

valence electrons

Answer 21

outer electrons

Question 22

valence shell

Answer 22

outermost electron shell

Question 23

covalent bond

Answer 23

sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms

Question 24

hydrocarbons

Answer 24

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 25

isomers

Answer 25

variation in architecture of organic molecules

Question 26

structural isomers

Answer 26

differ in covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

source of energy for use and storage at cellular level

Question 28

virus

Answer 28

little more than DNA (or sometimes RNA) enclosed by a protective coat which is often simply protein

Question 29

electronegatvitity

Answer 29

tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself

Question 30

what does the difference between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule create

Answer 30

polar covalent bonds

Question 31

sharing of a pair of valence elctrons by two atoms rsults in

Answer 31

covalent bond

Question 32

number of colvanet bonds formed by an atom depends on the number of

Answer 32

valence electrons it has

Question 33

what does the electron configuration of carbon allow it to do with different atoms

Answer 33

covalently bond

Question 34

properties of carbon containing molecule depends on the arrgangemnt of its

Answer 34

carbon skeleton and on its chemical group

Question 35

macromoleucle

Answer 35

molecule containing a large number of atoms such as protein or nucleic acid

Question 36

when atoms form covelanet bonds do they share electrons equally

Answer 36

no

Question 37

hydrogen bond

Answer 37

weak bond formed between slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or region of the same molecule

Question 38

Functional groups

Answer 38

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Question 39

Doble bond

Answer 39

a covalent bond between 2 atoms involving 4 bonding electrons instead of two in a single bond

Question 40

covalent bonding is a very ____ type of bond

Answer 40

strong; more stable

Question 41

how many bonds can carbon form

Answer 41

four

Question 42

is carbon versitile

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

partially negative charge due to

Answer 43

higher electronegativity and electrons are spending more time around O

Question 44

Partially positive charge due to

Answer 44

lower electronegativity and electrons spending less time around H

Question 45

why does electronegativity decrease with size

Answer 45

because electrons being further from nucleus leading to weaker attraction for electrons