exam 2 test

Question 1

a bacterium found on hydrothermal vents on the seafloor uses H2S as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source. Which type of metabolism does this organism use?

Answer 1

chemoautroph

Question 2

what happens if a cell ignores the checkpoints and progresses through the cell cycle

Answer 2

the cell would divide potentially with errors which could lead to a mass of abnormal cells

Question 3

why do muscle cells differ form nerve cells

Answer 3

mainly because they express different genes

Question 4

what is true of cytoplasmic determinants

Answer 4

they regulate gene expression during differentiation and they are found in unfertilized eggs

Question 5

what type of bond stabilized the double strand structure of DNA? In other words what keeps the 2 strands together?

Answer 5

phosphodiester bond

Question 6

what level of protein structure is directly affected by substitution

Answer 6

primary

Question 7

match letters to appropriate term. Is it showing mitosis or meiosis and which stage

Answer 7

-sister chromatids: E
-mitotic spindle: D
-chiasmata: A
-homologous chromosomes: C

its showing prophase of meiosis I

Question 8

at which stage of cell cycle does seperation of sister chromatids occur

Answer 8

anaphase of mitosis

Question 9

composition of activators

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

composition of enhancers

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

composition of chroamtin

Answer 11

DNA and proteins

Question 12

composition of transcription initiation complex

Answer 12

protein

Question 13

cell differentation

Answer 13

specific structure and function assigned to a cell.

Question 14

catabolic pathway

Answer 14

metabolic pathway that releases energy when consuming complex molecule into a simpler one

Question 15

answer the following questions regarding functions when environmental tryptophan is high.
a) the trp operon is _____
b)the trp repressor is ______
c) the trp repressor is ______
d) what happens to RNA polymerase?
e)what will happen to concentration of each following after the operon is repressed?
i mRNA for operon genes
ii)copies of the protein coded by trp C
iii)intracellular protein

Answer 15

a)inactive
b)active
c)bound to RNA polymerase
d)it is blocked by the repressor
e)
i)decrease
ii)increase
iii)increase

Question 16

what kind of proteins do hox genes encode? what do these proteins do?

Answer 16

transcription factors

the hox genes encode transcription factors that encode proteins that build structures within a particular body segment

Question 17

what do hox genes tell us about why all bilateral animals have similae body plans

Answer 17

because of the similar spatial arrangement between 2 species it also points back to a common ancestor where these genes derive from