MOA: Treatment of Diabetes

Question 1

Aspart

Answer 1

Insulin
Injectable
Short-acting (pre-meal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 2

Glulisine

Answer 2

Insulin
Injectable
Short-acting (pre-meal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 3

Lispro

Answer 3

Insulin
Injectable
Short-acting (pre-meal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 4

Regular insulin (humulin/novolin)

Answer 4

Insulin
Injectable
Short-acting (pre-meal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 5

NPH

Answer 5

Insulin
Injectable
Long-acting (basal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 6

Detemir

Answer 6

Insulin
Injectable
Long-acting (basal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 7

Glargine

Answer 7

Insulin
Injectable
Long-acting (basal)

Promotes the uptake of glucose into cells and is supplemented if patient is unable to produce their own insulin

Question 8

Pramlintide

Answer 8

Amylinomimetic
Injectable

Synthetic amylin analog/agonist that delays gastric emptying and decreases glucagon secretion, thus decreasing the dose of short-acting insulin needed

Question 9

Dulaglutide

Answer 9

GLP-1 Agonists
Injectable

Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore the activity of the incretin system, which helps signal the release of insulin after eating

Question 10

Exenatide

Answer 10

GLP-1 Agonist
Injectable

Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore the activity of the incretin system, which helps signal the release of insulin after eating

Question 11

Liraglutide

Answer 11

GLP-1 Agonist
Injectable

Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore the activity of the incretin system, which helps signal the release of insulin after eating

Question 12

Lixisenatide

Answer 12

GLP-1 Agonists
Injectable

Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore the activity of the incretin system, which helps signal the release of insulin after eating

Question 13

Semaglutide

Answer 13

GLP-1 Agonists
Injectable

Bind to GLP-1 receptors and help restore the activity of the incretin system, which helps signal the release of insulin after eating

Question 14

Metformin

Answer 14

Biguanides
Oral medication

Decreases glucose production in the liver and increases insulin sensitivity

Question 15

Glicazide

Answer 15

Sulfonylureas
Oral medication

Bind to receptors in beta cells causing K channels to close and voltage-dependent Ca channels to open in response – helps increase insulin release

Question 16

Glimepiride

Answer 16

Sulfonylureas
Oral medication

Bind to receptors in beta cells causing K channels to close and voltage-dependent Ca channels to open in response – helps increase insulin release

Question 17

Glipizide

Answer 17

Sulfonylureas
Oral medication

Bind to receptors in beta cells causing K channels to close and voltage-dependent Ca channels to open in response – helps increase insulin release

Question 18

Glyburide

Answer 18

Sulfonylureas
Oral medication

Bind to receptors in beta cells causing K channels to close and voltage-dependent Ca channels to open in response – helps increase insulin release

Question 19

Nateglinide

Answer 19

Meglitinide
Oral medication

Bind to the same receptor in beta cells as sulfonylureas, but at a different site, and cause a similar release of insulin

Question 20

Repaglinide

Answer 20

Meglitinide
Oral medication

Bind to the same receptor in beta cells as sulfonylureas, but at a different site, and cause a similar release of insulin

Question 21

Pioglitazone

Answer 21

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Oral medication

Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and enhances the local effects of insulin/decreases insulin resistance

Question 22

Rosiglitazone

Answer 22

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Oral medication

Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and enhances the local effects of insulin/decreases insulin resistance

Question 23

Rosiglitazone

Answer 23

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Oral medication

Agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and enhances the local effects of insulin/decreases insulin resistance

Question 24

Acarbose

Answer 24

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Oral medication

Target alpha-glucosidase enzymes, minimizing upper intestinal digestion/absorption of carbohydrates – helps reduce post-meal glucose absorption

Question 25

Miglitol

Answer 25

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Oral medication Target alpha-glucosidase enzymes, minimizing upper intestinal digestion/absorption of carbohydrates -- helps reduce post-meal glucose absorption

Question 26

Alogliptin

Answer 26

DPP-4 Inhibitors Oral medication Inhibit DPP-4, the enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones -- helps the body continue to make insulin by prolonging GLP-1 activity

Question 27

Linagliptin

Answer 27

DPP-4 Inhibitors Oral medication Inhibit DPP-4, the enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones -- helps the body continue to make insulin by prolonging GLP-1 activity

Question 28

Saxagliptin

Answer 28

DPP-4 Inhibitors Oral medication Inhibit DPP-4, the enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones -- helps the body continue to make insulin by prolonging GLP-1 activity

Question 29

Sitagliptin

Answer 29

DPP-4 Inhibitors Oral medication Inhibit DPP-4, the enzyme responsible for inactivation of incretin hormones -- helps the body continue to make insulin by prolonging GLP-1 activity

Question 30

Canagliflozin

Answer 30

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Oral medication Since sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reabsorbs filtered glucose in the kidney back into the blood, these drugs inhibit that transporter -- results in an increase in urinary glucose excretion

Question 31

Dapagliflozin

Answer 31

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Oral medication Since sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reabsorbs filtered glucose in the kidney back into the blood, these drugs inhibit that transporter -- results in an increase in urinary glucose excretion

Question 32

Emagliflozin

Answer 32

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Oral medication Since sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reabsorbs filtered glucose in the kidney back into the blood, these drugs inhibit that transporter -- results in an increase in urinary glucose excretion

Question 33

Ertugliflozin

Answer 33

Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Oral medication Since sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 reabsorbs filtered glucose in the kidney back into the blood, these drugs inhibit that transporter -- results in an increase in urinary glucose excretion