Drugs targeting Opiate Systems Flashcards
What are the 3 main effects of opiate agonists?
Analgesia (inability to feel pain)
Drowsiness/sedation
Euphoria
What are opioids mainly used for?
Treat short term pain
What are 6 uses for opioids?
1) Pain relief
2) Anesthesia (some effect)
3) Antidiarrhea
4) Antitussive (block cough)
5) Treats dyspnea (shortness of breath)
6) Treats opiate addiction (different opiate isntead of more harmful one)
What are pros of using epidural injection of opiate?
Does not produce undesired effects
Does not prolong labor unlike oral administration
No harm to fetus
Are you able to die from the withdrawal of opiates alone?
No
When are opiates contraindicated?
If patient has:
Shock
Bronchial asthma
Head injuries
Obstetrics
Emphysema/asthma
What is unique about tramadol?
It has a mixed mechanism of binding to opioid receptor but also blocking reuptake of NE and seretonin like a SNRI for antidepression.
What medication is used for moderate to moderately severe pain?
Tramadol
When would you not prescribe tramadol?
When a patient is taking an antidepressantlike SSRI, Tricyclics, or Monamine oxidase inhibitor
What are opioid antagonists used for?
Just for an overdose
What is the true triad of opioid overdose?
Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory depression
Coma/unconsciousness
If a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist was used for a naive drug, what result would you expect?
Agonist activity
If a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist was used for a person with opioid dependence, what result would you expect?
Withdrawal symptoms
What type of opioid receptors lead to increased K outflow, hyperpolarization and decreases frequency of action potential generation?
Mu/delta receptors
What type of opioid receptors lead to decreased Ca influx and decreases amount of neurotransmitter released?
kappa receptors
What drug is used to treat opiate addiction and does not produce a high?
Methadone
What drug is commonly used in surgical procedures, and in hospital settings that reduce pain and has high addictive potential?
Morphine
What drug is a synthetic opioid and is 50-100x more potent than morphine and is used in the creation of fake street drugs?
Fetanyl
What drug is better used when pregnant, has no miotic effect, and has slower development of tolerance than morphine?
Meperidine
What drug is used to treat diarrhea and selectively targets GI opiate receptors?
Loperimide
What drug would you find in cough syrup because it acts as a cough suppressant?
Codeine
What drug is injectable and is used to treat amphetamine overdose?
Naloxone (narcan)
What oral drug is used to help opioid dependence and inhibits the ability to get high if on opioids?
Naltrexone
A person recently has detoxed from opioids, what drug would they take to not allow themself to get high from opioids again?
Naltrexone
What other drug can be used to treat opioid addiction that is shorter-acting than methadone and has less of a risk of overdose?
Buprenorphine
