Drugs targeting Opiate Systems

Question 1

What are the 3 main effects of opiate agonists?

Answer 1

Analgesia (inability to feel pain)
Drowsiness/sedation
Euphoria

Question 2

What are opioids mainly used for?

Answer 2

Treat short term pain

Question 3

What are 6 uses for opioids?

Answer 3

1) Pain relief
2) Anesthesia (some effect)
3) Antidiarrhea
4) Antitussive (block cough)
5) Treats dyspnea (shortness of breath)
6) Treats opiate addiction (different opiate isntead of more harmful one)

Question 4

What are pros of using epidural injection of opiate?

Answer 4

Does not produce undesired effects
Does not prolong labor unlike oral administration
No harm to fetus

Question 5

Are you able to die from the withdrawal of opiates alone?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

When are opiates contraindicated?

Answer 6

If patient has:

Shock
Bronchial asthma
Head injuries
Obstetrics
Emphysema/asthma

Question 7

What is unique about tramadol?

Answer 7

It has a mixed mechanism of binding to opioid receptor but also blocking reuptake of NE and seretonin like a SNRI for antidepression.

Question 8

What medication is used for moderate to moderately severe pain?

Answer 8

Tramadol

Question 9

When would you not prescribe tramadol?

Answer 9

When a patient is taking an antidepressantlike SSRI, Tricyclics, or Monamine oxidase inhibitor

Question 10

What are opioid antagonists used for?

Answer 10

Just for an overdose

Question 11

What is the true triad of opioid overdose?

Answer 11

Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory depression
Coma/unconsciousness

Question 12

If a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist was used for a naive drug, what result would you expect?

Answer 12

Agonist activity

Question 13

If a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist was used for a person with opioid dependence, what result would you expect?

Answer 13

Withdrawal symptoms

Question 14

What type of opioid receptors lead to increased K outflow, hyperpolarization and decreases frequency of action potential generation?

Answer 14

Mu/delta receptors

Question 15

What type of opioid receptors lead to decreased Ca influx and decreases amount of neurotransmitter released?

Answer 15

kappa receptors

Question 16

What drug is used to treat opiate addiction and does not produce a high?

Answer 16

Methadone

Question 17

What drug is commonly used in surgical procedures, and in hospital settings that reduce pain and has high addictive potential?

Answer 17

Morphine

Question 18

What drug is a synthetic opioid and is 50-100x more potent than morphine and is used in the creation of fake street drugs?

Answer 18

Fetanyl

Question 19

What drug is better used when pregnant, has no miotic effect, and has slower development of tolerance than morphine?

Answer 19

Meperidine

Question 20

What drug is used to treat diarrhea and selectively targets GI opiate receptors?

Answer 20

Loperimide

Question 21

What drug would you find in cough syrup because it acts as a cough suppressant?

Answer 21

Codeine

Question 22

What drug is injectable and is used to treat amphetamine overdose?

Answer 22

Naloxone (narcan)

Question 23

What oral drug is used to help opioid dependence and inhibits the ability to get high if on opioids?

Answer 23

Naltrexone

Question 24

A person recently has detoxed from opioids, what drug would they take to not allow themself to get high from opioids again?

Answer 24

Naltrexone

Question 25

What other drug can be used to treat opioid addiction that is shorter-acting than methadone and has less of a risk of overdose?

Answer 25

Buprenorphine