Estrogens and Androgens Flashcards
What are some clinical uses for estrogens? (9)
Contraception
Infertility
Hormone replacement therapy
Stimulate development in women with hypogonadism
Treat premature menopause
Treat premature ovarian failure
Treat osteoporosis
Treat cancer
A woman comes in with uterine bleeding. She also has a higher risk of endometrial cancer. What medication might she be taking?
Estrogens
What is given with estrogen to decrease the risk of endometrial cancer?
progesterone
What are the side effects of taking estrogen?
Uterine bleeding
Endometrial cancer risk
What does a pulse dose of GnRH analogs stimulate?
Spermatogenesis
Testosterone production
Induces ovulation
What does chronic use of GnRH result in?
Decreased FSH and LH production
In men, what can be used to treat low sperm count and low testosterone?
Pulse does of GnRH
In women, what can be used to treat hypothalamic amenorrhea? (absence of period)
Pulse does of GnRH
In men, what can be used to treat advanced prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia?
Chronic/continuous dose of GnRh or Anti-antrogens (Bicalutamide, Nilutamide, Flutamide)
In women, what can be used to treat endometriosis, polycystic ovary disease, and other uterine disorders?
Chronic/continuous dose of GnRH
What causes a decrease in FSH/Lh when using a chronic dosage of GnRH?
Decrease in receptor density
What drug can be used in Palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer Post-mastectomy or radiation prevention/treatment of osteoporosis and Infertility associated with anovulatory cycles?
Selective Estrogen-receptor modulatiors (SERM)
What are Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators used for?
Palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Post-mastectomy or radiation
Prevention/treatment of osteoporosis
Infertility associated with anovulatory cycles
A woman is taking a SERM and has been having some ocular issues. What drug is she taking? What ocular effects could this cause?
Tamoxifen
Crystalline retinopathy
What are some side effects of taking a Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulator? (SERM)
Tamoxifen Retinopathy (crystalline retinopathy)
hot flashes and nausea
drug interactions
Raloxifene leads to increased thrombosis and embolism
What hormone promotes the development of secretory endometrium in females?
Progestogens
What are progestins used for?
Treatment of hormonal deficiency
Contraception
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
What are some adverse side effects of taking progestins?
Headache
Depression
Weight gain
Acne
In the normal menstrual cycle, pulse dose release of GnRH leads to:
Production of FSH/LH from the pituitary
Production of estrogens
What does an LH surge result in during the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation
If a female wants to abort her baby early in the pregnancy, what drug is given?
Mifepristone
(Anti-progestin)
Where are androgens produced?
Testes, ovaries, adrenal gland
What are the anabolic effects of taking androgens? (4)
Promotes bone growth
Prevents bone reabsorption
Develops internal genitalia
Increases muscle mass
What are the androgenic effects of taking androgens?
Develop male secondary sexual characteristics
What is used in order to increase low testosterone and increase lean mass, muscle strength, and endurance?
Androgen (testosterone)
Can regular testosterone be given orally?
No, must be injected
How are derivatives of testosterone given?
Orally
Side effects of taking testosterone (androgens)
Abnormal sexual maturation and growth disturbances in children
Increase LDL and decrease HDL
Increase risk for coronary heart disease
Fluid retention
Increased aggression
Mood disorders
Most potent estrogen produced by the ovary
Principle estrogen in premenopausal women
Estradiol
Principle estrogen in postmenopause women
Estrone
Estrogen that is produced by the placenta and not produced in the ovary. It is present in significant amounts during pregnancy
Estriol
What drug causes the regression of breast tumors but increases the risk for uterine cancer?
Tamoxifen
What drug causes the regression of breast tumors and decreases bone reabsorption and is good for osteoporosis?
Raloxifene
What drug’s main effect is to block estrogen-mediated negative feedback in the pituitary?
Clomiphene
What two drugs are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?
Bicalutamide and Nilutamide
