mm head and neck Flashcards
mm of head + neck
orbital gr (mm of eyelids)
nasal gr (mm of nose)
oral gr (mm of mouth)
other mm or mm group
O: bones of skull
I: skin + other craniofacial mm
NS: facial nerve
F: facial expr.
orbital mm - of eyelids
1) orbicularis oris (palpebral og orbital p)
2) corrucagor supercili
3) depressor cili
oral gr - mm of mouth
1) orbicularis oris (labial og marginal p)
2)levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3) levator labi superioris
4) zygomaticus minor
5) zygomaticus major
6) levator anguli oris
7) risorius
8) depressor anguli oris
9) depressor labii inferioris
10) mentalis
11) buccinator
oral gr - mm of mouth
1) orbicularis oris (labial og marginal p)
2)levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3) levator labi superioris
4) zygomaticus minor
5) zygomaticus major
6) levator anguli oris
7) risorius
8) depressor anguli oris
9) depressor labii inferioris
10) mentalis
11) buccinator
nasal gr - mm of nose
1) nasalis (transverse p og alar p)
2) depressor septi nasi
3) procerus m
buccinator relations
parotid duct crosses the masseter m. superficially
to pierce buccinator m
–> enters mouth
opens opposite second upper molar tooth
other craniofacial mm= Epicranius m
-collective term for the mm that insert into the epicranial aponeurosis
1) Occipofrontalis
-overlies dome of cranium
-divided into frontalis (frontal belly) and occipitalis (occipital belly)
-they’re conn. to each other by broad aponeurotic tendon
–> epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
2) Temporoparietalis
-ext from auricular cartilages up to epicranial aponeurosis
-it’s sit. above auricularis superioris
F: moves scalp, wrinkles forehead and raise eyebrow
muscles of mastication
O: bones of neurocranium
I: Mandible
F: elevate mandible
depress mandible
protrusion mandible
retraction mandible
NS: mandibular N (of trigeminal N)
1) temporalis m
2) masseter m
3) medial pterygoid m
4) lateral pterygoid m
Temporalis muscle
O: parietal bone, inf temporal line
I: coronoid process mandible
F: elevation og retraction mandible
masseter
O: zygomatic bone, zyg.arch
I: angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity
F: elevation og protrusion mandible
Masseter muscle
O: zygomatic arch + zygomatic bone
I: angle of mandible - masseteric tuberosity
F: elevation og protrusion mandible
medial pterygoid m
O: pterygoid fossa + maxilla
I: angle of mandible - pterygoid tuberosity
F: elevation + side to side movem. mandible
lateral pterygoid m
O: gr wing sphenoid + lateral plate pterygoid process
I: pterygoid fovea on neck mandible + capsule of temporomandibular joint
F: protrusion + side to side movem. + depression mandible
Innervation
1) craniofacial mm: facial N
2) mastication mm: mandibular N (V3)
Temporal fossa
borders:
-medially: bones neurocranium
-sup: sup.temporal line parietal bone
-inf: infratemporal crest sphenoid bone + zygomatic arch
-anterior: zygomatic arch of frontal bone
og frontal process of zygomatic bone
CONTENTS:
- temporalis muscle + fascia
- spf temporal a + v –> middle temporal a + v
- deep temporal a (br of maxillary A) + veins
- auriculotemporal N (mandibular N br)
- deep temporal nn (mandibular N br)
infratemporal fossa
borders:
-anteriorly: post wall maxilla
(infratemp.surf body maxilla)
-posteriorly: mandibular fossa temporal bone
-mediallly: lateral plate pterygoid process
-laterally: ramus mandible
Contents:
1) temporomandibular joint
2) both pterygoid mm + inf.part of temporalis m
3) maxillary A + its branches
4) pterygoid venous plx
5) mandibular n (trigeminal br) + its branches
6) lesser petrosal N og otic ganglion
—> glossopharyngeal n
7) chorda tympani of facial N
muscles of neck
1) platysma
2) sternocleidomastoid m
3) suprahyoid gr of mm
4) infrahyoid gr of mm
5) scalene mm
platysma (mm of neck)
O: fascia over clavicle og upper thorax
I: skin along mandible + mm of mouth
F: tightens skin on neck
NS: facial N
sternocleidomastoid m
O: sternum + clavicle
I: mastoid process + sup. nuchal line
F: tilt head toward shoulder on same side to rotate face on opposite side
-acting together they draw head forward
NS: accessory N
Suprahyoid mm group
1) mylohyoid:
O: mylohyoid line mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe (median fibrous raphe) and hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression of mandible
NS: trigeminal N
2) geniohyoid:
O: mental spine mandible
I: hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression mandible
NS: C1 via mandible
3) digastricus m:
O: -ant belly: digastric fossa mandible
I: Hyoid bone. NS: trigeminal N
O: -post belly: mastoid notch temporal bone
Suprahyoid mm group
1) mylohyoid:
O: mylohyoid line mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe (median fibrous raphe) and hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression of mandible
NS: trigeminal N
2) geniohyoid:
O: mental spine mandible
I: hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression mandible
NS: C1 via mandible
3) digastricus m:
O: -ant belly: digastric fossa mandible
I: Hyoid bone. NS: trigeminal N
O: -post belly: mastoid notch temporal bone
I: Hyoid bone. NS: facial N
F: depression of mandible
4) Stylohyoid m:
O: processus styloideus
I: os hyodeum
F: pulls hyoid bone up
NS: facial N
infrahyoid muscles
1) sternohyoid
2) sternothyroid
3) thyrohyoid
4) omohyoid (sup+inf belly)
F: depression hyoid bone (sternohyoid, omohyoid og thyrohyoid)
-sternothyroid draws larynx downwards
NS: hypoglossal ansa = deep cervical ansa
= hypoglossal nerve + spinal nn C1-C3 (C4)
Scalene muscles
a) anterior scalene m (scalenus anterior m)
O: C3-CVI v.bra transverse processes
I: 1st rib (in front of groove for subclav A)
b) middle scalene m (scalenus medius m)
O: C2-CVII v.bra transverse processes
I: 1st rib (behind groove for subclav. A)
c) posterior scalene m (scalenus posterius)
O: CIV-CVI v.bra transverse processes
I: 2nd rib
F: flx of cervical spine + elevation of 1st og 2nd rib
NS: cervical spinal nerves
TA
fissura scalenorum - scalenic fissure
–> gap milli scalenus anterior + scalenus medius mm
content:
subclavian artery + brachial plexus
*subclavian vein NOT in scalenic fissure
–>it’s in front of scalenus anterior
Regions of the neck
Anterior neck region - ant. triangle of neck
-milli sternocleidomastoid + inf.margin of mandible
-digastric (submandibular) triangle
-carotid triangle
-laryngeal region
-Sternocleidomastoid region:
Overlying SCM m
Lateral neck region - post. triangle of neck
-milli sternocleidomastoid + trapezius m
-it’s subdivided by inferior belly of omohyoid
–> Occipital triangle
Og Omoclavicular triangle (subclavian triangle)
-Greater supraclavicular fossa:
depression in skin overlying omoclavicular triangle
-Posterior neck region:
overlying trapezoid muscle
Digastric/submandibular triangle
borders:
- mandible
- digastric and stylohyoid mm
contents:
-submandibular gland
-facial v
-facial a (submental a)
-hypoglossal n
-br of trigeminal n (mylohyoid n)
Carotid triangle
borders:
posterior: sternocleidomastoid m
anterior: omohyoid m superior belli
superior: digastricus m - posterior belly
og stylohyoid m
contents:
-common carotid A + carotid bifurcation::
ext. carotid A (og it’s branches + sup. thyroid A, facial A, lingual A, asc. pharyngeal A og occipital A)
og internal carotid A
- Internal jugular vein (og it’s tributaries: sup thyroid, facial og lingual)
-vagus N
-hypoglosssal N
-hypoglossal ansa (sup+inf roots)
-cervical symp.trunk
-deep l.nodes of neck
