mm head and neck

Question 1

mm of head + neck

Answer 1

orbital gr (mm of eyelids)
nasal gr (mm of nose)
oral gr (mm of mouth)
other mm or mm group

O: bones of skull
I: skin + other craniofacial mm

NS: facial nerve

F: facial expr.

Question 2

orbital mm - of eyelids

Answer 2

1) orbicularis oris (palpebral og orbital p)
2) corrucagor supercili
3) depressor cili

Question 3

oral gr - mm of mouth

Answer 3

1) orbicularis oris (labial og marginal p)
2)levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3) levator labi superioris
4) zygomaticus minor
5) zygomaticus major
6) levator anguli oris
7) risorius
8) depressor anguli oris
9) depressor labii inferioris
10) mentalis
11) buccinator

Question 3

oral gr - mm of mouth

Answer 3

1) orbicularis oris (labial og marginal p)
2)levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3) levator labi superioris
4) zygomaticus minor
5) zygomaticus major
6) levator anguli oris
7) risorius
8) depressor anguli oris
9) depressor labii inferioris
10) mentalis
11) buccinator

Question 4

nasal gr - mm of nose

Answer 4

1) nasalis (transverse p og alar p)
2) depressor septi nasi
3) procerus m

Question 5

buccinator relations

Answer 5

parotid duct crosses the masseter m. superficially
to pierce buccinator m
–> enters mouth
opens opposite second upper molar tooth

Question 6

other craniofacial mm= Epicranius m

Answer 6

-collective term for the mm that insert into the epicranial aponeurosis

1) Occipofrontalis
-overlies dome of cranium
-divided into frontalis (frontal belly) and occipitalis (occipital belly)
-they’re conn. to each other by broad aponeurotic tendon
–> epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)

2) Temporoparietalis
-ext from auricular cartilages up to epicranial aponeurosis
-it’s sit. above auricularis superioris

F: moves scalp, wrinkles forehead and raise eyebrow

Question 7

muscles of mastication

Answer 7

O: bones of neurocranium
I: Mandible

F: elevate mandible
depress mandible
protrusion mandible
retraction mandible

NS: mandibular N (of trigeminal N)

1) temporalis m
2) masseter m
3) medial pterygoid m
4) lateral pterygoid m

Question 8

Temporalis muscle

Answer 8

O: parietal bone, inf temporal line
I: coronoid process mandible
F: elevation og retraction mandible

Question 9

masseter

Answer 9

O: zygomatic bone, zyg.arch
I: angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity
F: elevation og protrusion mandible

Question 10

Masseter muscle

Answer 10

O: zygomatic arch + zygomatic bone
I: angle of mandible - masseteric tuberosity
F: elevation og protrusion mandible

Question 11

medial pterygoid m

Answer 11

O: pterygoid fossa + maxilla
I: angle of mandible - pterygoid tuberosity
F: elevation + side to side movem. mandible

Question 12

lateral pterygoid m

Answer 12

O: gr wing sphenoid + lateral plate pterygoid process
I: pterygoid fovea on neck mandible + capsule of temporomandibular joint
F: protrusion + side to side movem. + depression mandible

Question 13

Innervation

Answer 13

1) craniofacial mm: facial N
2) mastication mm: mandibular N (V3)

Question 14

Temporal fossa

Answer 14

borders:
-medially: bones neurocranium
-sup: sup.temporal line parietal bone
-inf: infratemporal crest sphenoid bone + zygomatic arch
-anterior: zygomatic arch of frontal bone
og frontal process of zygomatic bone

CONTENTS:
- temporalis muscle + fascia
- spf temporal a + v –> middle temporal a + v
- deep temporal a (br of maxillary A) + veins
- auriculotemporal N (mandibular N br)
- deep temporal nn (mandibular N br)

Question 15

infratemporal fossa

Answer 15

borders:
-anteriorly: post wall maxilla
(infratemp.surf body maxilla)
-posteriorly: mandibular fossa temporal bone
-mediallly: lateral plate pterygoid process
-laterally: ramus mandible

Contents:
1) temporomandibular joint
2) both pterygoid mm + inf.part of temporalis m
3) maxillary A + its branches
4) pterygoid venous plx
5) mandibular n (trigeminal br) + its branches
6) lesser petrosal N og otic ganglion
—> glossopharyngeal n
7) chorda tympani of facial N

Question 16

muscles of neck

Answer 16

1) platysma
2) sternocleidomastoid m
3) suprahyoid gr of mm
4) infrahyoid gr of mm
5) scalene mm

Question 17

platysma (mm of neck)

Answer 17

O: fascia over clavicle og upper thorax
I: skin along mandible + mm of mouth
F: tightens skin on neck
NS: facial N

Question 18

sternocleidomastoid m

Answer 18

O: sternum + clavicle
I: mastoid process + sup. nuchal line
F: tilt head toward shoulder on same side to rotate face on opposite side
-acting together they draw head forward
NS: accessory N

Question 19

Suprahyoid mm group

Answer 19

1) mylohyoid:
O: mylohyoid line mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe (median fibrous raphe) and hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression of mandible
NS: trigeminal N

2) geniohyoid:
O: mental spine mandible
I: hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression mandible
NS: C1 via mandible

3) digastricus m:
O: -ant belly: digastric fossa mandible
I: Hyoid bone. NS: trigeminal N
O: -post belly: mastoid notch temporal bone

Question 19

Suprahyoid mm group

Answer 19

1) mylohyoid:
O: mylohyoid line mandible
I: mylohyoid raphe (median fibrous raphe) and hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression of mandible
NS: trigeminal N

2) geniohyoid:
O: mental spine mandible
I: hyoid bone
F: forms floor of mouth + depression mandible
NS: C1 via mandible

3) digastricus m:
O: -ant belly: digastric fossa mandible
I: Hyoid bone. NS: trigeminal N
O: -post belly: mastoid notch temporal bone
I: Hyoid bone. NS: facial N
F: depression of mandible

4) Stylohyoid m:
O: processus styloideus
I: os hyodeum
F: pulls hyoid bone up
NS: facial N

Question 20

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 20

1) sternohyoid
2) sternothyroid
3) thyrohyoid
4) omohyoid (sup+inf belly)

F: depression hyoid bone (sternohyoid, omohyoid og thyrohyoid)
-sternothyroid draws larynx downwards

NS: hypoglossal ansa = deep cervical ansa
= hypoglossal nerve + spinal nn C1-C3 (C4)

Question 21

Scalene muscles

Answer 21

a) anterior scalene m (scalenus anterior m)
O: C3-CVI v.bra transverse processes
I: 1st rib (in front of groove for subclav A)

b) middle scalene m (scalenus medius m)
O: C2-CVII v.bra transverse processes
I: 1st rib (behind groove for subclav. A)

c) posterior scalene m (scalenus posterius)
O: CIV-CVI v.bra transverse processes
I: 2nd rib

F: flx of cervical spine + elevation of 1st og 2nd rib

NS: cervical spinal nerves

Question 22

TA

Answer 22

fissura scalenorum - scalenic fissure
–> gap milli scalenus anterior + scalenus medius mm

content:
subclavian artery + brachial plexus
*subclavian vein NOT in scalenic fissure
–>it’s in front of scalenus anterior

Question 23

Regions of the neck

Answer 23

Anterior neck region - ant. triangle of neck
-milli sternocleidomastoid + inf.margin of mandible

-digastric (submandibular) triangle
-carotid triangle
-laryngeal region

-Sternocleidomastoid region:
Overlying SCM m

Lateral neck region - post. triangle of neck
-milli sternocleidomastoid + trapezius m
-it’s subdivided by inferior belly of omohyoid
–> Occipital triangle
Og Omoclavicular triangle (subclavian triangle)

-Greater supraclavicular fossa:
depression in skin overlying omoclavicular triangle

-Posterior neck region:
overlying trapezoid muscle

Question 24

Digastric/submandibular triangle

Answer 24

borders:
- mandible
- digastric and stylohyoid mm

contents:
-submandibular gland
-facial v
-facial a (submental a)
-hypoglossal n
-br of trigeminal n (mylohyoid n)

Question 25

Carotid triangle

Answer 25

borders:
posterior: sternocleidomastoid m
anterior: omohyoid m superior belli
superior: digastricus m - posterior belly
og stylohyoid m

contents:
-common carotid A + carotid bifurcation::
ext. carotid A (og it’s branches + sup. thyroid A, facial A, lingual A, asc. pharyngeal A og occipital A)
og internal carotid A
- Internal jugular vein (og it’s tributaries: sup thyroid, facial og lingual)
-vagus N
-hypoglosssal N
-hypoglossal ansa (sup+inf roots)
-cervical symp.trunk
-deep l.nodes of neck