male genital organs Flashcards
male genital organs
internal:
testes
epididymes
deferent duct
seminal vesicles
prostate
bulbourethral glands
External;
scrotum
penis
Testis
ca 4x3x2 og 10-15gr
-reproductive organ (spermatogenesis) og endocrine gland (leydig cells-testosterone)
Position;
In scrotum (but intraabdominal dev. followed by descent of fetal testes)
External description;
ovoid in shape
compressed from side to side
*surfaces; medial og lateral
*margines; ant og post
*extremeties; sup og inf
testis, inner structure
*Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis (epiorchium);
Peritoneal processus vaginalis (whose formation precedes the descend of fetal testis from abd. to scrotum)
*Tunica albuginea;
dense fibr. membrane, gives off septa
—> dividing testis into lobules
*Tunica vasculosa/erythroidea;
plx of blood vessels, lines inner surf of tunica albuginea + covers the septa
Testis, lobules
-contain;
a) convulated seminiferous tubules (site of spermatogenesis)
b)straight seminiferous tubules
3) interstitial cells of leydig (prod. testosterone)
–> straight seminiferous tubules conn. to collecting chamber;
1) Rete testis (In mediastinum testes)
2) efferent ductules; arise from rete testis and enter head of epidydimis.
Testis, mediastinum
In dorsocranial part of testis
*Contains; fibr.tissue, rete testis + vessels.
Testis, pathway
conv. seminiferous tubulues –>
straight seminiferous tubules –>
rete testis —>
efferent ductules –>
duct of epidydimis –>
deferent duct
Epididymis
-ca 4-5cm -reservoir of sperm cells
-position; in scrotum, along post.border of testis
-Cov by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis
*head( hér efferent ducts, sem cont. into duct of epididymis.)
*body og tail (duct of epididymis runs here)
Testis og epididymis, supply
Blood supply;
Testicular artery (from abd. aorta)
Pampiniform plx–>into testicular veins–>into IVC
L.drainage;
Lumbar l.nodes
From cauda epididymis to spf inguinal l.nodes
Nerve supply:
Testicular plx—>
symp.fibers from coeliac plx into ganglion spermaticum,
hypogastric plx superior + inferior
Parasymp. fibers from vagus nerve
Sensory to spinal segment T10
Deferent duct
ca 40 cm, lumen ca 1cm
-It’s a cont. of duct of epididymis (it transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct)
*It runs in;
-scrotum
-spermatic cord
-inguinal canal
-abd.cav and pelvis
*Terminal p. enlarged into ampulla, sem conn w. ´duct of seminal vesicles to form–> Ejaculatory duct
*Ejaculatory duct opens into prostatic part of urethra
–> into seminal colliculus
Deferent duct, relations
A) in scrotum:
behind testis + epididymis
B) In spermatic cord and inguinal canal:
testicular vessels (testicular a + pampiniform plx)
C) In abd. cavity:
ext. iliac vessels
inf. epigastric vessels
D) In pelvis;
obturator vessels + nerve
ureter
seminal vesicles
rectum
urinary bladder
-Wall:
mucosa, smooth muscle, adventitia
Spermatic cord
Runs in scrotum and inguinal canal
-It contains:
a)deferent duct
b)artery og nervous plx of deferent duct
c)testicular artery
d)testicular plexus
e)pampiniform plx (venous plx, in abd it becomes testicular veins)
f) l.vessels
*Spermatic cord ensheathed in;
1)Internal spermatic fascia
2)Cremaster muscle
3)Cremaster fascia
4)External spermatic fascia
Deferent duct, supply
Blood supply;
Artery of deferent duct (from internal iliac A)
Venous drainage to pampiniform plx and vesical plx
L.drainage:
internal og external iliac l.nodes
Nerve supply:
Inferior hypogastric plx–>
-symp. fibers from segments L1-L3
-parasymp. fibers from segment S2-S4
Seminal vesicles
accessory gland, ca 4cm
*The fluid from it contains fructose as energy source for the sperms + prostaglandins for mobility and viability of the sperm.
-Duct of seminal vesicles + duct of deferens = ejaculatory duct
*elongated sacs, cranially cov. by peritoneum-rectovesical pouch
*They are positioned in rectovesical septum
relations;
Medially - deferent duct
Cranially - ureter, rectum, bladder
Seminal vesicles
accessory gland, ca 4cm
*The fluid from it contains fructose as energy source for the sperms + prostaglandins for mobility and viability of the sperm.
-Duct of seminal vesicles + duct of deferens = ejaculatory duct
*elongated sacs, cranially cov. by peritoneum-rectovesical pouch
*They are positioned in rectovesical septum
relations;
Medially - deferent duct
Cranially - ureter, rectum, bladder
Seminal vesicles, supply
Blood supply;
Artery of deferent duct
Middle rectal artery
inf + sup vesical aa
-Venous drainage to prostatic and vesical plx
L.drainage;
internal + external iliac l.nodes
Nerve supply;
Inf. hypogastric plx—>
-symp fibers from segments L1-L3
-parasymp. fibers from segments S2-S4
Prostate
-Prod. alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of vagina
-contains spermine and prostaglandines for mobility og viability of the sperms
-An accessory gland. ca 20gr
External description;
a) Base - directed tow. urinary bladder
b) Apex - dir. tow urogenital diaphragm
c) anterior surf - puboprostatic ligg
d) posterior surf
e) inferolateral surf - dir. tow. pelvic diaphragm
Prostate, relations
Base (urinary bladder)
Apex (urogenital diaphragm)
Post. surf (rectum)
Ant. surf (retropubic space, pubic symphysis)
Inferolateral surf (pelvic diaphragm)
Prostate, lobes
-Urethra + ejaculatory duct divide the prostate into lobes–>
Right, Left and Middle
*Middle lobe may be hypertrophied in older male and press the urethra and impede passage of urine
Isthmus of prostate;
The narrow middle p. of prostate, anterior to the urethra
–> contains only fibromuscular stroma, no follicles
Prostate, inner structure
-Is enveloped by thin firm capsule
-Glandular structures/follicles embedded into fibromuscular stroma
-Excretory ducts open into prostatic p. of urethra
-
Prostate, supply
Blood supply;
middle rectal A
inf. vesical A
internal pudendal A
-Venous drainage to prostatic venous plx
L.drainage;
internal og external iliac l.nodes
sacral l.nodes
Nerve supply;
inferior hypogastric plexus–>
-Symp fibers from segments L1-L3
-Parasymp fibers from segments S2-S4
Bulbourethral glands
small accessory glands um 1cm
*they are on the side of the bulb of penis
on inf surf of urogenital diaphragm
*ducts open into spongy p. of urethra
*Secretion contributes to lubrication of urethra
+ pre-ejaculatory emission from penis
+ neutralizes acidity of urine residues in urethra
Scrotum
contains;
-testis -epididymis -spermatic cords
*scrotum is divided into 2 separate cavities by septum
—> serous cavities of scrotum (subdivision seen on surf. by raphe of scrotum)
*Cavities of scrotum lined w parietal layer of tunica vaginalis (periorchium) remains of peritoneum
Scrotum. layers
a) skin - thin, brownish, folded, w hair + sebaceous glands,
en no fat!
b) dartos muscle - thin smooth m. layer (thermoregulation)
c) ext. spermatic fascia - derived from fascia of obliquus abdominis externus muscle
d) cremaster muscle + cremaster fascia - derived from obliquus abdominis internus + transversus abdominis mm + their fascias.
e) internal spermatic fascia - derived from transversalis fascia
f) parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
Scrotum, supply
Blood supply;
-post. scrotal aa (from internal pudendal A)
-ant. scrotal aa (from external pudendal A)
-cremasteric a (from inf. epigastric A)
– Venous drainage into int+ext pudendal veins
L.drainage;
-ext. iliac l.nodes
-spf. inguinal l.nodes
Nerve supply;
Sensory - pudendal n + ilioinguinal n + genital br of genitofemoral n
Cremaster m; genital br of genitofemoral n
Tunica dartos; symp. fibers
Penis, root
ROOT=
-fixed part
-formed by; crura of penis + bulb of penis
a)Crura of penis;
-elongated bodies of erectile tissue
-att. to pubic + ischial rami
-cov w ischiocavernous m
-they cont. into corpora cavernosa of the body of penis
b) Bulb of penis;
-rounded body of erectile tissue
-conn to the urogenital diaphragm!
-cont. into corpus spongiosus of penis
-urethra enters superior surf
-cov w bulbospongiosus m.
Penis, body
2 surfaces –> dorsum and urethral surfaces
-consists of corpora cavernonsa + corpus spongiosum
-Body of penis conn. to pubis by;
a)fundiform ligg
(spf p. of suspensory ligg, att to upper edge of pubic symphysis)
b)suspensory ligg (att. penis to pubic symphysis)
Penis, body
1) Corpora cavernosa;
-Ventral cont. of crura of penis
-enclosed by tunica albuginea
-They are separated by septum of penis
2) Corpus spongiosum
-ventral cont. of bulb of penis
-placed in groove below the corpora cavernosa
-terminal p. enlarged into–> Glans of penis
*Glans of penis;
-conical shape
-corona glandis og collum glandis
-ext. urethral orifice opens on top of glans
Penis
-Skin; thin, no fat
*On the body, loosely att to deep fascia by the superficial fascia
*On the gland, firmly att to the deep fascia
*Skin on collum glandis–> folded to form prepuce of penis
(foreskin), overlapping the glans
*Prepucial sac, separates glans from prepuce
*Frenulum of prepuce, conn the prepuce to urethral surf of penis
*Preputial glands, prod the smegma.
Penis, supply
Blood supply;
-dorsalis penis artery
-deep artery of penis (from int. pudendal A)
–Venous drainage; dorsal superficial veins of penis into external pudendal veins
–Deep veins of penis, dorsal vein of penis into
venosus prostatic plexus
L.drainage;
-ext. iliac l.nodes
-superficial inguinal l.nodes
Nerve supply;
Sensory - pudendal n
Autonomic inferior hypogastric plx–>
a)symp fibers; vasoconstriction
b)parasymp fibers; cavernous nerves, vasodilation.
