dissection cranial nerves Flashcards
n.supply of internal organs
1) visceromotor nerves/fibers:
supply smooth m. in walls of organs, cardiac muscle and glands –> autonomic parasymp + symp
2) viscerosensory nerves/fibers:
monitor changes in viscera
3) somatomotor nerves/fibers:
supply striated mm in organs (pharynx, larynx, esophagus)
4) special sensory nerves/fibers:
carry sensations from special senses (t.d gustatory, olfactory osfr)
sensation nerves
1) pain, temp, sensation of mucosa and general sensory
–> n. V og IX
2) taste, taste buds, -special sensory
—> n. VII og IX
3) saliva (minor lingual salivary glands)
—> parasymp. n. VII
4) movement striated mm
—> motor NS. XII og IX
autonom. system: symp og parasymp
innervation of inner organs, smooth m of walls of organs,
glandular cells and glands og heart
Symptathetic p - thoracolumbar part
influences:
-dilate pupils
-inhibit saliva
- incr. heartbeat
- relax airways
- inhibit stomach act.
- release of glucose, gallbladder
- inhibit intestines
- secr. norepinephrine og epinephrine
- relax bladder
- ejaculation and vaginal contraction
sympathetic p - thoracolumbar p
1) thoracic splanchnic nerves:
a) greater splanchnic nerve
b) lesser splanchnic nerve
c) least splanchnic nerve
2) lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves
–> the thoracic, lumbar + sacral splanchnic nerves
carry preganglionic sympathetic fibers from symp.trunk
to ganglia in prevertebral plexus.
And also visceral afferent fibers.
parasymp. part - craniosacral part
- constrict pupils
- stimulate saliva
- slow heartbeat
- constrict airways
- stimulate stomach
- inhibit glucose, stimulate gallbladder
- stimulate intestines
- contract bladder
- erection of genitals
PS craniosacral p
1) cranial nerves w ps fibers:
III
VII
IX
X
2) Pelvic splanchnic nerves (PS root)
carry preganglionic PS fibers from anterior rami
of s2, s3 and s4 spinal nerves to extension of
prevertebral plx in pelvis
(inferior hypogastric plx or pelvis plx)
cranial nerves list
1 olfactory
2 optic
3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
5 trigeminal
6 abducens
7 facial
8 vestibulocochlear
9 glossopharyngeal
10 vagus
11 accessory
12 hypoglossal
Trigeminal n nr 5
-Spring from pons, runs along sup. surface of petrous p of temporal bone–> where sensory (pseudounipolar cells) are contained in the trigeminal ganglion.
3 main branches:
1) Opthalmic n
2) Maxillary n
3) Mandibular N
°it contains:
sensory fibers:
- skin of face
- mucosa nasal/oral cav. (ásamt palate, tounge, minor salivary glands + paranasal sinuses) og mucosa of nasopharynx.
- teeth
- major salivary glands
- palatine tonsil
- meninges
motor fibers:
- masticatory mm
- mylohyoid m, anterior belly of digastric m
- tensor tympani m og tensor veli palatini m
Opthalmic N (from trigeminal N)
leaves cranial cav thru supraorbital fissure og enters orbit
-sensory fibers:
-skin
-lacrimal gland
-eyeball
-nasal cav
-ethmoid/sphenoid sinus
-meninges
-BRANCHES from opthalmic N–>
1) meningeal br (intracranially)
2) frontal N (br: supraorbital N + supratrochlear N)
-both for skin in frontal region
3) lacrimal N -for lacrimal gland
4) nasociliary N
(br: A) ant+post ethmoidal nerves - sensory n.supply nasal cav + ethmoidal air cells + sphenoidal sinus.
B) ciliary nerves - sensory n.supply eyeball.
Maxillary n (from trigeminal N)
-leaves cranial cavity thru foramen rotundum
–> enters pterygoid palatine fossa
°sensory fibers:
- skin face
- teeth superior dental arch
- nasal cav
- maxillary sinus
- palate
- isthmus faucium
- nasopharynx
- meninges
BRANCHES:
1) meningeal br
2) infraorbital. Gives off:
a) alveolar nerves (for sup. dental arch)
b) terminal br of infraorbital nerve, arising from infraorbital foramen (for skin in infraorbital + nasal reg and upper lip)
3) zygomatic n (skin overlying zygomatic bone)
4) pterygoid palatine br:
a) nasal br (for nasal cav + maxillary sinus)
b) palatine nn (major+minor for palate)
c) pharyngeal br (for isthmus faucium + nasopharynx)
Mandibular N (of trigeminal N)
-leaves cranial cav. thru foramen ovale
Motor fibers:
mastication mm (mylohyoid og ant.belly digastricus m
tensor tympani m og tensor veli palatini
Sensory fibers:
- skin face
- teeth inf. dental arch
- mucosa body of tounge
- salivary glands
- meninges
Mandibular n (of trigeminal n)
BRANCHES:
1) meningeal br
2) muscular br for mastication mm
3) inferior alveolar N (in mandibular canal) for inf.dental arch
–> terminal br er Mental N (leaves canal thru mental foramen) supply skin in mental/oral reg (lower lip)
-mylohyoid N - skin below jawline + mylohyoid m + ant.belly digastricus
4) auriculotemporal N (asc. in front of ext. acoustic meatus, on deep surf of parotid gland, upwards.)
-for skin temporal + parietal regions. Partly skin of external ear og gives sensory fibers for parotid gland.
5) lingual N
-mucosa body of tongue (general sensations),
sensory supply to sublingual + submandibular glands.
facial N
-Arises from bulbopontine sulcus
-enters internal acoustic meatus
-traverses facial canal (here has sensory ganglion)
-leaves facial canal thru stylomastoid foramen
Contains:
1) motor fibers: facial expr. + stylohyoid m + post.belly digastricus + stapedius m.
2) PS fibers: lacrimal gl, sublingual+submandibular gl. og mucosal glands for nasal/oral cav
3) special sensory fibers: gustatory fibers from ventral
2/3 of tongue
4) general sensory fibers: for skin of auricle
facial N branches
1) Gr. petrosal N:
-ps fibers for lacrimal gland + muc.gl of oral/nasal cav.
2) Chorda tympani:
-arises from facial nerve in facial canal.
-contains: PS fibers for submand/subling glands
og receives gustatory fibers from ventral 2/3 tongue
…….
gr. petrosal n carries ps fibers (of facial n), from lacrimal nucleus of N VII
–> synapse in pterygoidpalatine ganglion
–> they run in infraorbital + zygomatic + lacrimal nerves
=> supply lacrimal gland, nasal and palatal glands.
PS fibers from superior salivary nucleus of N VII
-run in chorda tympani
-synapse in submandibular ganglion
–> supply submand/subling glands
………………………………………………………………..
Motor branches:
facial n traverses parotid gland og hér–>
motor branches form intraparotid plexus of facial nerve
og they radiate to reach muscles of the face =>
a) temporal br
b) zygomatic br
c) buccal br
d) marginal mandibular br
e) cervical br.+
+ post.belly digastricus, stylohyoid og stapedius m
facial nerve paralysis
most common symptoms of bells palsy (peripheral paralysis)
-paralysis of motor fibers for facial mm:
unilateral facial weakness or paralysis
inability to blink/close eye, frown, raise eyebrow,
puff out cheek, whistle or show teeth
-paralysis of PS fibers:
tearing, dry eyes, dry mouth
-paralysis of motor br for stapedius
hypersensitivity to sound
Glossopharyngeal nerve
emerges from posterolateral sulcus of oblongata
-leaves cranial cavity thru jugular foramen together w
vagus og accessory nerves.
Contains:
1) motor fibers: mm of pharynx + soft palate
2) PS fibers: parotid gland + pharyngeal muc.glands
3) special sensory fibers: gustatory fibers from root of tongue
4) gen. sensory fibers: mucosa of pharynx + root of tongue
og tympanic cavity
BRANCHES:
1) tympanic nerve
-gives sensory fibers for tympanic plx
og lesser petrosal nerve (m PS fibers for parotid gland)
2) pharyngeal branches
-supply pharyngeal mucosa + some mm soft palate og pharynx
3) tonsillar br:
-for palatine tonsil
4) lingual br:
- general sensory + gustatory n.supply at root of tounge
Vagus N
arises from oblongata (posterolateral sulcus)
-caudally to glossopharyngeal n
-leaves thru jugular foramen
-sup+inf sensory ganglia locatated near jugular foramen
°course at neck:
-acc. internal jugular vein
(desc milli internal jugular vein and internal carotid A)
(caudally: milli int.jugular vein og common carotid A)
–>in carotid triangle
-then enters thoracic cavity
-desc in front of subclav A (right side)
-desc in front of aortic arch (left side)
–>here recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from vagus n
°course at thorax:
-posterior mediastinum
-forming post/ant vagal trunks
-enters abd.cavity thru esophageal hiatus
Vagus n
contains:
1) motor fibers: voluntary mm of esophagus, pharynx+larynx
2) PS fibers for:
-larynx, trachea, thyroid gland, esophagus
-heart
-resp. system, trachea, bronchi, lungs
-dig.system. From esophagus to left colic flxure
-abd. part of urinary system
-testes, ovaries
3) general sensory fibers:
-mucosa of above organs, meninges + skin og auricle
4) special sensory fibers:
-gustatory fibers from epiglottis + glossoepiglottic area.
vagus n BRANCHES
1) Meningeal - sensory
2) auricular - sensory
3) pharyngeal - motor
4) cardiac - sensory + PS
5) laryngeal superior - sensory + motor
6) laryngeal recurrens - sensory + motor + PS
7) tracheal og bronchial - sensory + PS
8) esophageal - sensory + PS
9) gastric, hepatic, celiac - sensory + PS
10) renal - sensory + PS
11) testes og ovaries - PS fibers accompany testicular and ovarian arteries
-PS nucleus of vagus-Dorsal nucleus—>
the nerve gives off br, that terminate in the minute ganglia
in walls of organs
Reccurens laryngeal (of vagus) motor+sensory+PS
-left laryngeal reccurent N turns around aortic arch
-right -II- arches around subclav artery
(above superior thoracic aperture)
-recurrent laryngeal nerves tightly related to:
-trachea -esophagus -thyroid gl
-the nerves can be injured during thyroid/parathyroid surgery
-paralysis of posterior cricoaretynoid m (dysphonia, dyspnea)
Accessory nerve
-með cerebral and spinal roots:
1) cerebral root; from posterolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata
2) spinal root; from anterolateral sulcus of spinal cord,
enters cranial cavity thru foramen magnum
and unites w the cerebral root
-it leaves cranial cav. thru jugular foramen
-it runs in lateral neck region
*bara m motor fibers!!
-sternocleidomastoid m
-trapezius m
og mm of larynx (from internal ramus)
