Anatomy muscles upper limb

Question 1

A muscle

Answer 1

is att. at it’s both ends–>
1) origin, is stationary
2) insertion, movable

-They can be att to;
-Bone
-Cartilage
-Skin
-One to another
-Combination of these structures

-Muscles can be;
a) att. directly
b) thru tendon (cord or bend-like form)
c) thru aponeurosis (in flat muscle, the tendon is a thin strong fibr. sheet)

Question 2

M. of upper limb

Answer 2

1) M. of scapula
2)M. of arm
3)M. of forearm
4)M. of hand

5))) M. conn. upper limb to v.bra column
6))) M. conn. upper limb to ant+lateral thoracic wall

Question 3

M. of scapula (6 vöðvar)

Answer 3

1) Deltoid
O; lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion + spine of scapula
I; deltoid tuberosity
F; ab, flx, ext of arm
NS; axillary nerve

2) Subscapularis
O; subscapular fossa
I; lesser tubercle
F; add + pron. of arm
NS; subscapular nn.

3) Supraspinatus
O; supraspin. fossa
I; gr. tubercle
F; ab. of arm
NS; suprascapular nerve

4) Infraspinatus
O; infraspin. fossa
I; gr. tubercle
F; sup of arm
NS; suprascapular nerve

5) Teres minor
O; lateral border scapula
I; gr tubercle
F; sup of arm
NS; axillary n

6) Teres major
O; inf. angle scapula
I; medial lip intertubular sulcus
F; add + pron arm
NS; subscapular n

Question 4

M. of arm
1) Anterior brachial

Answer 4

Anterior brachial:

1) Coracobrachialis
O; coracoid process scapula
I; middle humeral shaft
F; flx + add of arm
NS; musculocutaneous n

2) Biceps brachii
O; long head-supraglenoid tubercle(transv.humeral ligg)
short head-coracoid process scapula
I; radial tuberosity + bicipital aponeurosis
F; flx + sup of forearm. Og long head accessory flx arm
NS; musculocut. n

3) Brachialis
O; distal half, anterior humerus
I; ulnar tuberosity
F; flx forearm
NS; musculocut. n

—> allir musculocut. n
allir flexorar á forearm (nema coracobr. bara á arm)

Question 5

M. of arm
2)Posterior brachial

Answer 5

1) Triceps brachii
O; long head-infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head-posterior humerus, above groove for radial n
medial head-posterior humerus, below groove for radial n
I; olecranon ulna
F; ext. forearm. Og long head, accessory flx arm
NS; radial n

2) Anconeus
O; lateral epicondyle humerus
I; lateral side of olecranon
F; ext. forearm
NS; radial n

Question 6

M. of forearm
1) anterior antebrachial

Answer 6

*Deep layer (3 vöðvar)
1) Flexor digitorum profundus
O; proximal 3/4 ulna ant+medially og inteross.membr
I; distal phalanges II-V
F; flx interphalangeal joints of fingers II-V + flx wrist
NS; median + ulnar nerves

2) Flexor pollicis longus
O; ant. surf radius + interos.membr
I; distal thumb phalanx
F; flx thumb
NS; median n

3) Pronator quadratus
O; distal anterior ulna
I; distal anterior radius
F; pronation forearm
NS; median n

—> allir median n (profundus bæði median og ulnar nerves)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

*Intermediate layer (1 vöðvi)
1) Flexor digitorum superficialis
O; Humeroulnar head (med.epicondyle + coranoid proc ulna)
og Radial head (anterior border radius)
I; middle phalanges II-V
F; flx of proximal interphal. joints fingers II-V + flx wrist
NS; median n
…………………………………………………………………………………………
*Superficial layer (4 vöðvar)

1) Pronator teres
O;humeral head(med.epicondyle)+ulnar head(coranoid proc)
I; laterally á miðjan radius
F; pronation forearm
NS; median n

2) Flexor carpi radialis
O; medial epicondyle
I; metacarpal II Base
F; flx + ab wrist
NS; median n

3) Palmaris longus
O; medial epicondyle
I; palmar aponeurosis
F; flx wrist
NS; median n

4) Flexor carpi ulnaris
O; humeral head(med.epicondyle) + ulnar head(olecranon)
I; pisiform bone + metacarpal V Base

Question 7

M. forearm
2) posterior antebrachial

Answer 7

*Deep layer (5 vöðvar)
1)Supinator
O; deep head(supinator crest lateral ulna)
spf head(lateral epicondyle)
I; proximal 1/3 radius
F; sup. forearm
NS; radial n

2) Abductor pollicis longus
O; posterior on ulna og radius + interos.membr
I; metacarpal I Base
F; abd thumb
NS; radial n

3) Extensor pollicis brevis
O; posterior on radius + interos.membr
I; Base of prox phalanx
F; ext. thumb
NS; radial n

4) Extensor pollicis longus
O; posterior on ulna
I; Base distal phalanx thumb
F; ext thumb
NS; radial n

5) Extensor indicis
O; posterior on ulna + interos.membr
I; via extensor hood into index
F; ext of index
NS; radial n

—> allir radial nerve
(abd.pollicis longus + ext.pollicis brevis = muscular bulb on lateral side of hand)
……………………………………………………………………………………..

*Superficial layer
1) Brachioradialis
O; lateral supraepicond.ridge humerus
I; styloid proc. radius
F; flx of forearm!!
NS; radial n

2) Extensor carpi radialis longus
O; lateral supraepicond.ridge + lateral epicondyle
I; metacarpal bone II Base
F; ext + abd wrist
NS: radial n

3) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O; lateral epicondyle
I; metacarpal bone III Base
F; ext + abd wrist
NS; radial n

4) Extensor digitorum
O; lateral epicondyle
I; via extensor hoods into fingers II-V
F; ext fingers II-V + wrist
NS; radial n

5) Extensor digiti minimi
O; lateral epicondyle
I; via extensor hood into little finger
F; ext little finger
NS; radial n

6) Extensor carpi ulnaris
O; lateral epicondyle + posterior on ulna
I; metacarpal V Base
F; ext + add wrist
NS; radial n

Question 8

M. hand Thenar

Answer 8

Thenar-Lateral (4 vöðvar)

1) Abductor pollicis brevis
O; scaphoid, trapezium + flx retinaculum
I; prox phalanx thumb
F; abd. thumb
NS; median n

2) Opponens pollicis
O; Trapezium + flx retinaculum
I; metacarpal I
F; opposition of thumb by rotation
NS; median n

3) Flexor pollicis
O; trapezium + flx retinaculum
I; proximal phalanx thumb
F; flx metacarpophalangeal joint thumb
NS; median n

4) Adductor pollicis
O; transverse head-metacarpal bone III
oblique head-capitate + metacarpal II+III
I; prox.phalanx thumb
F; add. thumb
NS; ulnar n

Question 9

M. hand Hypothenar

Answer 9

1) Palmaris brevis
O; palmar aponeurosis + flx retinaculum
I; skin ulnar margin on the hand
F; wrinkles skin
NS; ulnar n

2) Abductor digiti minimi
O; pisiform bone
I; prox.phalanx little finger
F; add
NS; ulnar n

3) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
O; hamate + flx retinaculum
I; prox.phalanx little finger
F; flx at metacarpophalangeal joint
NS; ulnar n

4) Opponens digiti minimi
O; hamate + flx retinaculum
I; metacarpal V
F; ADD!!
NS; ulnar n

Question 10

mm of hand - intermediate

Answer 10

Lumbricals I-IV
O; flx digitorum profundus tendons
I; extensor hoods of medial 4 fingers
F; flx in MP joints, ext in IP joints medial 4 fingers
NS; median og ulnar nerves

Dorsal interossei 1st-4th
O; adj. sides of metacarpal bones
I; extensor hoods + prox.phalanges fingers II-IV
F; abd fingers
NS; ulnar n

Palmar interossei 1st-3d
O; med+lateral sides metacarpals II, IV, V
I; extensor hoods + prox.phalanges of fingers II, IV, V
F; ad fingers
NS; ulnar n