Alimentary p2 Flashcards
Large intestine
miðað v small intestine, er það ;
- smaller (ca 1,5 m)
- greater caliber (stærst hja caecum, diminishes to the rectum)*
- more fixed
- Longitud. muscle er concentrated into three longitud. taeniae coli.
- Colonic wall puckered into sacculations=Haustrations
- Appendices epiploicae, small adipose projections on ext.surf.
- ->þetta þrennt er ekki í vermiform appendix og rectum
Caecum
- í right iliac fossa
- intraperiton.
- ileum opens into caecum in the iliocaecal orifice (iliocaecal valve lokar)
- anteriorly er greater omentum og ant. abd. wall
- posteriorly er lateral cut. femoral nerve, iliacus og psoas major mm.
Vermiform appendix
- arises from caecum
- intraperit. (mesoappendix)
- various in position: pelvic algengast. (subcaecal, rectocaecal osfr)
- Mcburney’s point, most common location of base of appendix where it’s att. to caecum
Asc. colon
- right iliac fossa to right hypochondriac region
- retroperitoneal
- anteriorly; ileum og gr.omentum
- posteriorly; iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n og lateral cut. femoral nerves.
Asc. colon
- right iliac fossa to right hypochondriac region
- retroperitoneal
- anteriorly; ileum og gr.omentum
- posteriorly; iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n og lateral cut. femoral nerves.
Right colic flexure
- in right hypochond. region
- joins asc og transv. colon
- anteriorly; liver og gallbladder
- posteriorly; right kidney
- medially; duodenum
Transv. colon
- from right to left colic flxure
- right hypochond. reg - umblical reg - left hypochond. reg
- intraperiton. transverse mesocolon
- anteriorly; gr. omentum og ant. abd. wall
- posteriorly; duodenum og pancreas
- superiorly; liver, gallbladder og gr. curveature of stomach
- inferiorly; jejunum
Left (splenic) colic flxure
- left hypochondr. reg
* pancreatic tail, left kidney og spleen
Desc. colon
- left colic flxure to left iliac fossa
- retroperiton.
- anteriorly; jejunum og gr. omentum
- posteriorly; iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n og lateral cut. femoral nerves.
Sigmoid colon
- from left iliac fossa into lesser pelvis S2-S3
- intraperitoneal, sigmoid mesocolon
*superiorly; ileum
*inferiorly; urinary bladder karlar,
uterus+left ovary+ut.tube konur
Rectum
- í lesser pelvis
- byrjar hjá 2S-3S
- desc. in front of sacrum og coccyx (sacral flexure og perineal flexure í saggital plane)
- lateral curves: right, left, right curves í frontal plane
- upper part, dilated–> ampulla
- taeniae coli blend to form wide muscular bands
- no sacculations, appendices nor epiploicae
- mucosa presents three transverse folds; sup, middle og inf. (middle er stærst)
Rectum
- í lesser pelvis
- byrjar hjá 2S-3S
- desc. in front of sacrum og coccyx (sacral flexure og perineal flexure í saggital plane)
- lateral curves: right, left, right curves í frontal plane
- upper part, dilated–> ampulla
- taeniae coli blend to form wide muscular bands
- no sacculations, appendices nor epiploicae
- mucosa presents three transverse folds; sup, middle og inf. (middle er stærst)
Rectum relations
Male;
*posteriorly; sacrum og coccyx
*anteriorly;
urinary bladder (partly sep. from rectum by rectovesical pouch)
prostate
*lower p. of rectum is conn. w lower p of urinary bladder + prostate by rectovesical septum, sem er m seminal vesicles og deferent ducts
Female;
- posteriorly; sacrum og coccyx
- anteriorly; uterus og vagina
- rectum sep. from uterus by rectouterine pouch
- rectum conn. to vagina w rectovaginal septum
Anal canal
- Anal columns (mucosa folded into 6-10 vertical folds) sep. by anal sinuses (vertical grooves)
- sinuses are closed inf. by anal valves
- internal rectal venous plexus (in anal mucosa)
Liver
- right hypochond. reg - epigastric reg - left hypochond. reg
- diaphragm. surf(inf/ant border) og visceral surf.
-intraperiton. nema bare area (ekki cov by peritoneum, en firmly att to diaphragm by fibr tissue)
-Coronary ligg(ant og post); Ekki periton. duplication!
borders bare area, conn milli parietal og visceral periton.
It ext. into falciform ligg og left+right triangular ligg.
Liver ligaments
- falciform ligg; periton. duplication milli liver og diaphragm. It contains ligg. teres (remnant of umbl vein)
- left+right triangular ligg, periton duplications.
- lesser omentum; periton. duplication (milli visceral surf liver og stomach+duodenum)
Visceral surf of liver
left side:
- fissure for lig. venosum
- fissure for lig. teres
right side:
- groove for inf vena cava
- fossa for gallbladder
- porta hepatis
*porta hepatis:
portal vein, hepatic artery, right+left hepatic ducts, nervous plx og lymph.vessels
Visceral surf of liver
left side:
- fissure for lig. venosum
- fissure for lig. teres
right side:
- groove for inf vena cava
- fossa for gallbladder
- porta hepatis
*porta hepatis:
portal vein, hepatic artery, right+left hepatic ducts, nervous plx og lymph.vessels
Liver relations
Visceral surf (relations to abd. organs);
- esophagus impression + stomach impression + duodenal impr.
- right colic flxure impression
- right ren and supraren impression
Diaphragm. surf:
diaphragm sep. liver from heart, lungs and costodiaphragmatic recess.
Gall bladder
- right hypoch. reg (in fossa for gallbladder, on visc surf)
- projection on skeleton: fundus (right costal arch + right midclavicular line).
- hlutar:
1. fundus 2.body 3.neck(cont. into cystic duct) - Anteriorly: ant. abd. wall
- Superiorly; liver
- Inferiorly; right colic flxure, duodenum
- Inferiorly; right colic flxure, duodenum
Pancreas
- hjá 1-3 Lumbar v.bra
- epigastric og left hypochond. reg
- ext. from duodenum to spleen
*head, body, tail
Pancreas parts
1) Head:
- lies w.in duodenal curve
* anteriory; transv. mesocolon, transv. colon og stomach
* posteriorly; IVC, portal vein, right renal vessels og bile duct
2) body:
* superiorly; lienal(splenic) artery
* inferiorly; transv. mesocolon
* anteriorly: stomach(sep. by peritoneum) og jejunum
* posteriorly; abd aorta, lineal(splenic) vein, sup mesenteric vessels, left kidney and renal vessels.
3) tail;
* spleen
Pancreas
retroperitoneal.
- main pancr. duct, traverses gland from left to right.
- ->opens onto major duodenal papilla, saman með bile duct
-minor pancr duct, drains head of pancreas og opens on minor duodenal papilla.
