Misc from practice exams Flashcards
Types of practice/adaptation
Compensation training: Involves AD
Habituation training: repeated exposure to…
Neural adaptation: practice for neural changes
Substitution
Spina Bifida
Latex allergies - latex is in many things in hospital. tibes, BP cuff, catheters but NOT linen
Lung and heart pain referral
Heart
Men: more chest
Women: more arm, jaw, etc.
Lung
the pleura of the lungs encompass referred pain around the chest and inferior of the breasts. Given the patient’s history, pleurisy is a possible cause of all the symptoms she is having and a recent bout of pneumonia could be the cause of the pleurisy.
SLR Test vs 90-90 SLR test
SLR test for nerve
90-90 SLR also known as hamstring contracture test is for hs contracture
125 is cutoff at popliteal angle (knee)
Load and shift
Strictly for anterior instbaility Feagan is for inf
Hot packs
Must take jewlery off to avoid burns
6-8 LAYERS
PCL recovery
- Resistance training to the knee flexors should be postponed for 5 to 6 months after PCL reconstruction surgery. 2. Squatting past 60 - 70 degrees should be avoided because it can exert a posterior translatory force on the tibia, however squatting to 45 degrees is appropriate for early rehabilitation to increase strength of the quadriceps. 3. Squatting past 60 - 70 degrees should be avoided because it can exert a posterior translatory force on the tibia, which may compromise the graft. 4. Standing active knee flexion should be delayed for 6 to 12 weeks after PCL reconstruction surgery
Parkinsons Interventions
Resistance training is recommended for patients with PD and is often most appropriate for anti-gravity extensors, such as STRENGTHEN HIP EXT, ANTIGRAVITY MUSCLES
Lymphedema
chronic venous insufficiency is related and may be precursor
Osteoporosis exercises
AVOID SPINAL FLEXION
DO WB exercises
RTC and other protocols
As long as safe within protocol it is good as far as stretching. Consider that supine is less stressful on tendons.
DIff Dx
Take your time and consider is it neuro related or MSK related etc.
e.g man leans forward when he walks with back pain
I thought it was stenosis so my answer was based on that. THERE WERE NO NEURO SYMPTOMS MENTIONED. I just went off the fact that pain was relieved with a forward lean.
I missed the fact that forward lean is related to quad weakness (backward lean for glute weakness) common theme on these exams. So would’ve made since to address this and ROM of the shortened muscles
MSK approach instead of neuro like I did .
Steps of deriving a clinical predictions rule
Step one in developing a clinical prediction rule is derivation which is the identification of factors with predictive power.
Step two is validation which provides evidence of reproducible accuracy.
Step three is impact analysis which is evidence that the rule changes physician behavior and improves patient outcomes and/or reduces costs.
Lateral medullary syndrome
This condition presents with paralysis of the tongue on the ipsilateral side, and contralateral paralysis of the upper and lower extremity, and deficits with proprioception and tactile sensation.
Intermittent pneumatic compression
40-50 mmgh so higher level means contraindicated for CHF and kidney disease
Short stretch: 1st stage lymphedema
Compression garments: for lymphedema second stage more so , long term so only once things settle
Compression garments/bandages should be on during exercise for lymphedema
Compression bandages for night in case of lymphedema, stronger
Long stretch: more for arterial wounds
TAKE WHAT THEY GIVE YOU
TAKE WHAT THEY GIVE YOU
IF YOU ARENT SURE of AN ANSWER BUT FEEL LIKE ONE MAKES SENSE BUT JUST SEEMS STUPID, PICK THAT MUG
Abdominal aorta
An abdominal aorta is considered enlarged if its diameter is greater than 3.0 centimeters. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is diagnosed when the diameter is 3.0 centimeters or greater, or if it’s 50% or two standard deviations larger than its average diameter. The severity of an AAA is determined by its diameter:
Small: 3–4.4 centimeters
Medium: 4.5–5.4 centimeters
Large: Greater than 5.5 centimeters
Head of bed with pt resting
Should be 30 degrees or lower unless there is a specific reason not to be
Expected EKG changes post MI or CAD
Segment depression, tachycardia
Aging skin
Decreased sensory integrity, decreases sensitivity to touch, and increased risk of injury, decreased elasticity
Glucose tolerance dcreased, vital capicity decreses
multiple sclerosis diagnosis
MRI
Meningitis
Is related to recent respiratory infection
tests
Brudzinski’s sign: A test where the patient’s hips and knees flex when their neck is passively flexed
Kernig’s sign: A test that can help diagnose meningitis. EXTEND KNEE While hip flexed
Standing frame uses
Respiratory issues
Prevention of osteoporosis and bone density loss
Keeps you upright WB position
Rigid removable dressing
Allows for early fitting for prosthesis and helps reduce edema and pain compared to bandaging
On the other hand, more expensive and pressure cannot be varied like elastic wrap or shrinker bandaging, and requires more monitoring
Forward head posture
Upper crossed syndrome
too much protraction in neck
Strengthen deep neck flexors and shoulder retractors
Stretch pec minor, cervical ext, and SCM?
Migratory pain
systematic nature
Pain degrease with rest
MSK
Pressure may
decrease pleural friction/irritation and decrease visceral pain
Bro if you dont know and it seems like it doesn’t make sense, just simply goof you know you just trying too hard
MMT for peripheral vs nerve root lesion
More gradual loss on MMT for nerve root lesion compared to more discernible quick loss for peripheral nerve lesion
Why? Because peripheral nerve lesion is more direct, closer to specific muscle
Decreased insulin production caused
increased thirst b/c pee more.
Symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes
With exercise
Diastolic change of +- 10 is abnormal if within 5 then okay
Systolic should raise,
drop if 10BPM in HR is not okay
When in doubt for MSK
Consider simple anatomy. Like 7 said it starts there
Thrombophlebitis
DVT
Vitamins
. Potassium helps regulate normal muscle contraction and would affect the heart, intestines, and respiratory tract, but would not primarily affect proprioception (p. 185).
2. Iron deficiency can occur secondary to blood loss, malabsorption, and pregnancy. Iron deficiency may produce symptoms of irritability, lack of exercise tolerance, and headaches, but not impaired proprioception (pp. 714-715).
3. Intrinsic factor often declines with age. Intrinsic factor is a protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12. When stomach secretions do not have enough intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 is not absorbed well. This results in pernicious anemia and other problems related to low levels of vitamin B12. Inadequate vitamin B12 gradually affects sensory and motor nerves, causing impaired proprioception to develop over time. These neurological symptoms are due to myelin degeneration and loss of nerve fibers in the dorsal and lateral columns of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex. (pp. 714-715)
4. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is an important antioxidant. Lack of vitamin E would not be expected to result in impaired proprioception.
high pile carpeting increases roll resistance for those using a wheelchair or rolling walker (
Resistance training should not begin until a minimum of 8 weeks after coronary artery bypass surgery (p. 241).
3. Arm activity, such as use of ergometer, is not appropriate for patients immediately after coronary artery bypass surgery. The activity is contraindicated due to incisional precautions. (p. 241)
4. Stationary bike riding is a higher-level aerobic activity that should not be the initial choice after coronary artery bypass surgery. Limitation or restriction of upper body activities, including unloading the upper extremities, is an important element in the initial rehabilitation program for a patient post coronary artery bypass graft. A patient who may lean on the handlebars would potentially place too much pressure on their sternal incision.
PTAs
Should’nt be doing any evaluating. or making deeper decisions. The cutoff is modifying exercises that is listed in the clinics protocol
Femoral anteversion
The position of the patella appears inward (“squinting patella”), which could indicate femoral anteversion (Dutton). In the photograph, the right patella appears to be facing inward, which suggests femoral anteversion and medial (internal) tibial rotation (Magee).
- Body build is related to bone fragility, with thin patients having less cortical bone and a higher risk for fracture.
Osteoporosis
Operant conditioning
Related to reward system, consequence, reward or punishment
Classical conditioning
just a stimulus that the dog responds to
