Meds Flashcards
Ace inhibitor vs angiotensin II receptor antagonist
ace inhibitor suppresses enzyme that converts a1 to a2
decreases blood pressure and afterload, improves venous capacitance
(aPRIL)
angiotensin II receptor antagonist block aii receptors to limit vasoconstriction
(sartans)
Statins
Break down LDLs triglycerides and increase HDLs
Anticoagulant
heparin, warfarin (coumadin) inhibit platelet aggregation
antithrombotic
aspirin
thrombolytic
end in “ase”
Antihistamines
Benadryl, allegra, claratin,
Block effects of histamine so decrease sinus, allergy type stuff
Tylenol
Acetaminophen.
Anti inflammatories for airways
corticosteroids reduce airway edema
side effect is catabolic effectts
Bronchodilator
albuterol
Expectorants
help w/ secretions
mucinex
Mucolytic
mucosil, pulmozyme
Opioid
for mod to severe, acute pain
respiratory depression, sedation, CNS down in general, nausea, orthostatic hypotension
falls risk due to group of side effects
Morphine, oxycodone/eith acetaminophen, hydrocodone/vicodin, tramadol
anything with codone, fentanyl
Transdermal patch
Consider that if you increase blood flow to area, it can be problematic
Glucocorticoid agents = corticosterioids
Hormonal, anti inflammatory, metabolic/endocrine effects for articular and systematic diseases
Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory
Catabolic effects
Drug-induced crushing because of cortisol, cortisol compression due to longterm use, increased glucose levels, HTN
osteoporosis and muscle wasting, osteopenia, cushings signs (moon face, buffalo hump)
all in in “sone:
Dexamethasone
prednisone
Nsaid examples
spirin, advil, motrin, aspirin, aleve, celebrex (COX 2 inhibitor)
Non opioid analgesic
Tylenol (acetominophine)
Liver issues not severe
DMARDS
methotrexate
Hydroxychloroquine
Leflunomide
Antibiotics
Side effects - GI distress
FLUOROQUINOLONES: tendonitis and rupture
Must take full course
Penicillins
Ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin both fluoroquinolones (“fllox”
cefaclor
cephalexin
Both CEPhalosporins
Anti spasticity drugs
For spasticity and hypertonicity
causes relaxation and even hypotonicity
SIde effects of drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, generalized WEAKNESS
So, we must find balance
Baclofen, valium, Klonopin, dantrium (multi use)
Antiepileptic agents = anticonvulsants
For seizures
Side effects: ATAXIA, BEHAVIOR changes, skin issues like rash, nausea, headache, blurred vision
seizure triggers like noises
Consider increased falls risk
HydantOINS: phenyTOIN
Benzodiazepines: lonoazePAM and LORAZEPAM
Barbiturates: PhenoBARBital
Muscle relaxant agents
For muscle spasms
Side effects: drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, Tolerance/dependence
NOT AS SERIOUS AS SPASTICITY drugs
Flexeril
Robaxin
Benzos: end in PAM, valium is a benzo (store name) but still ends in PAM
Consider falls risk,
ther ex to prevent future issues
Benzos
Increased falls risk
What meds are for seizures and bipolar
Tegretol and Depakote
What meds are for nerve pain and seizures
GABapentin
PreGABalin
What are benzos for and what is key precaution for elderly
Benzos
Dopamine Replacement Agents
For Parkinsons and parkinsonism, which is caused by less endogenous dopamine
Side effects: arrhythmias for levodopa, GI, ortho hypotension, mood changes
SCHEDULE THERAPY ONE HOUR AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF LEVODOPA, monitor vitals
Levodopa paired with other dug for effectiveness
or
Amantadine (was original for antiviral) now used with levodopa
Cholinergic Agents
MIMIM acetylCHOLINE and bind to cholinergic receptors
For alzheimers/dementia, myasthenia gravis, glaucoma
acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for parasympathetic nervous system so side effects are related to this …
Bradycardia, GI distress, parasympathetic effects
Consider decreased HR and dizziness, and that med may help with PT exercise
DUVOID - for urinary retension (direct agent)
Indirect agents
ARICEPT for dementia
TENSilon for myasthenia gravis
Diuretic
For hypertension, edema, PE because they increase excretion of sodium and urine, reducing plasma volume in BP
May cause HYPOtension, HYPO-NA-tremia, HYPO-K-alemia, thiamine deficiency Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
Consider, arrhythmia, muscle cramping/weakness, orthostatic hypotension due to imbalances
thiaZIDE diuretics (end in THIAZIDE)
Loop diuretic - LASIX
Potassium sparing: aldactone, dyrenium not as effective but spare K
Anti-arrhythmic agents
Vasodilation
Dilation of blood vessels decreases blood pressure therefore decreases after low. May be related to hypotension.
Anti epilectic agents
Barbs, pams, and toins
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that are used to treat anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasms, and seizures
End in pam
