Lab values

Question 1

Normal hematocrit levels

Answer 1

Men: 42 to 50
Women: 36 to 44

hemoglobin x 3

Under 25 don’t ambulate

Question 1

Normal hemoglobin

Answer 1

“Around 15”
12-16 for women
13-18 for men

Under 8 don’t ambulate

Question 2

INR ratio

Answer 2

For clotting

1 is normal
2-3 is therapeutic range for blood thinners (coumadin, warfarin)
Higher numbers mean thinner blood increased bleeding vs
Lower numbers mean increased coagulation and chance of clots (enhances with kale, spinach, green tea)

Question 3

A1C

Answer 3

for diabetes
normal is under 5.7
5.7 to 6.4 is pre-diabetes
6.5 and greater is diabetic

*insulin within 30 min to hour of treatmenrt

Question 4

Fasting blood glucose

Answer 4

Positive for diabetes if above 125
(at least 8 hours w/o)
normal is less than 100

Question 5

Oral glucose test

Answer 5

Positive if 200 or greater
two hours after a sugary drink

Question 6

Platelets

Answer 6

150-350 k/uL =150,00-300,000

Question 7

LDL

Answer 7

Bad
Normal is <100

Question 8

HDL

Answer 8

HD is good
40-60

Question 9

Triglyceride

Answer 9

Less than 150

Question 10

Total

Answer 10

<200

Question 11

WBC

Answer 11

4,000-12,000

Question 12

Acidic PH

Answer 12

less than 7 (or less than 7.4 in case of arterial blood gas)

Question 13

Alkaline PH

Answer 13

More than 7 (or more than 7.4 in case of arterial blood gas)

Question 14

PaO2

Answer 14

80-100 is normal

if 60 to 80 w/ SaO2 in 90s, then mild hypoxemia

if 40-60 and SaO2 60-90, then moderate hypoxemia

If pao2 less than 40 and sao2 less then 60 then severe hypoxemia

Question 15

PaCO2

Answer 15

35-45

CO2 decreases PH

So more than 45 should have decreased PH (respiratory acidosis)
So less than 35 should increase PH (respiratory alkalosis)

Any mismatch means metabolic compensation for whatever state of PH is currently

Question 16

HCO3

Answer 16

22-26

HCO3- Increases PH

So more than 26 “should” raise PH (metabolic alkalosis)
Less than 22 should lower PH (metabolic acidosis)

If there is a mismatch, then indicates renal compensation for whatever the PH says it is currently

Question 17

SaO2

Answer 17

88 below means no exercise for chronic conditions
90 for normal healthy people
85 or less is emergency
normal is 95 and up