Iontophoresis, E stim, Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

Conventional Tens parameter

A

50-150 (prob closer to 100-150) pulse duration (50-80 usec)

For gait control, pain relief, Indicated in acute situations

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2
Q

Higher frequency for TENS vs Ultrasound

A

TENS - higher is deeper
Ultrasound - higher frequency is more superficial (e.g superfical tissues use 3 hz vs deeper is 1 hz)

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3
Q

Acupuncture TENS

A

Low frequency 2-10 and high pulse duration 100-300 usec

Muscle twitching response

For pain relief after estim (20-30 min treatment with 6-8 hr lasting effect, (muscle response), longer lasting effcets

Burst mode similar only paresthesia motor response

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4
Q

NMES

A

Frequency 35-60 pps for smooth tetanic contraction (higher means quicker fatigue)

High pulse duration 150-350 usec

On off time 1:5

Duty Cycle approx 20 percent

10-20 contractions takes 10-20 min

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5
Q

HVPC Estim Parameters

A

Inflammatory and infected tissue - Negative polarity overwound

60-125 pps
pulse duration 60-125 usec
amplitude to comfort
45-60 min treatment

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6
Q

Ultrasound in water…

A

Used underwater in plastic or rubber tub for distal extremities
with transducer head 0.5 to 0.3 cm away from skin (indirect)

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7
Q

Ultrasound parameters for thermal effect on superficial tissue e.g supraspinatus

A

100 % duty cycle
1-2 cm or so superficial
3 hz
0.5 for intensity
2xERA
Always 5-10 min start conservative

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8
Q

Ultrasound parameters for thermal effect on deep tissue

A

100 % duty cycle
3-5 cm deep
1 hz
1.5 for intensity
2xERA
Always 5-10 min start conservative

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9
Q

Ultrasound parameters for tissue healing/inflammation

A

Same rules of frequency apply
20% duty cycle b/c don’t want to overheat
0.5 to 1 for intensity
2xERA
Always 5-10 min start conservative

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10
Q

Phantom Limb estim

A

Quadripolar, continuous at 80 pps.. Utilizing four pads with a low frequency would be the most appropriate setting for modulating pain for a patient with phantom lower extremity limb pain and hyperalgesia.

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11
Q

Russian Estim

A

Quadripolar, polyphasic at 60 pps, with a 1:5 duty cycle.. These parameters fall within Russian current and a muscle strengthening protocol, not pain modulation.

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12
Q

TENS e.g

A

Bipolar, alternating current/burst at 100 pps. These parameters would be more appropriate if transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) was being utilized. Additionally, the frequency is set too high for a patient with hyperalgesia

pulse 50-150, od 50-100
Sensory response amplitude

vary avg everything

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13
Q

Quadriceps NMES example

A

Frequency of 50 pps, duration of 250 microseconds

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14
Q

Noxious Stim

A

Low or high frequency with very hugh pulse duration and amplitude (highest they can tolerate) for trigger points to release endorphins,

Treatments only from seconds to a min

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15
Q

Brief intense tens

A

Used to get through ther act or man therapy in clinic,

High PD and freq

Strong paresthesisa or motor response for amplitude

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16
Q

Nerve fibers

A

Larger (fast twitch) fibers are activated first with E-stim

vs small (slow twitch) fibers are first with natural contraction

17
Q

Stretching with thermal heat at the same time is

A

More effective than seperating the two

18
Q

Hotpacks vs ultrasound

A

Ultrasound is deeper

19
Q

Iontophoresis using acetic acid, not dexamethasone, would be most appropriate to treat calcium deposits in tendon

A

Negative

20
Q

Dexmethasone

A

Negative
for inflammation

21
Q

Lidocaine

A

For pain, positive

22
Q

Calcium chloride

A

For muscle spasms and scar tissue, positive

23
Q

Copper

A

Positive for fungal infection

24
Q

Magnesium

A

positve for muscle spasm, ischemia

25
Q

Zinc oxide

A

positive for various wounda

26
Q

Iodine

A

scars, adhesive capsulitis
negative

27
Q

Salicylates

A

Negative, muscle and joint pain

28
Q

Negatives are

A

Iodine, acetic acid, dexamethasone, salicyclates

“I ate a dex salad, which was negative”

29
Q

If there is a sharp unwanted pain with ultrasound

A

decrease intensity first

30
Q

NMES example extensor lag

A
  1. For strengthening with electrical stimulation the current intensity should be maximal, so 60% is the better answer when compared with 40% of maximal voluntary contraction. Also, the duty cycle should allow for the rest period to be 5 times as long as the hold cycle, so a 20% duty cycle is best. One treatment session should include at least 10 contractions, so a 10 minute treatment time is appropriate.