MCO 201 A wk 2 Lab/Pathology/Surgery/Anesthesia terms Flashcards
Medical devices that are intended for use on samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances taken from the body to help diagnose disease or other conditions are called what?
lab tests
What is the branch of medical science primarily concerning the cause, origin and nature of disease called?
Pathology
Why are normal test values usually given as a range?
because normal values vary from person to person. What is normal for one person may not be normal for another person. there is no one correct number when it comes to identifying what is “normal” in the human body.
Give 3 factors that can affect test results
- sex, age, race
- medical history
- general health
- specific foods
- drugs you are taking
- how closely your follow preparatory instructions
- variations in laboratory techniques
- variation from one laboratory to another
Hematological Blood tests are done on what sample?
on liquid whole blood
Urine is considered a liquid biopsy of what organ?
kidney
- What is cytology?
The microscopic study of cells removed from the body
Bodily fluids and tissues are examined at the cellular level in order to screen for and diagnose disease and help aid treatment decisions. A cytologist will examine how cells look, form and function.
What is blood banking used for?
the study of blood types and transfusion services.
Samples of recipient blood are matched to donor blood in this type of laboratory test to determine compatibility of the blood for transfusion.
8 main areas of pathology
- General pathology(mechanisms behind cell and tissue injury & how the body responds to and repairs injury)
- Anatomical pathology(analysis,bodily fluids, tissues organs & entire body Histology, Cytology,Forensic pathology)
- Clinical pathology(laboratory medicine)
- Chemical pathology or Biochemistry(biochemist/chemical pathologists)
- Genetics (tests on chromosomes & DNA)
- Hematology(diseases affect blood)
- Immunology(allergy & autoimmune)
- Microbiology(diseases caused by pathogenic agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi)
Area of pathology concerned with tests on chromosomes, biochemical markers and
DNA taken from bodily fluids and tissues in order to detect genetic illnesses?
Genetics
Area of pathology concerned with various different disease aspects that affect the
blood
Hematology
Area of pathology concerning diseases caused by pathogenic agents such as bacteria,
viruses, parasites and fungi?
Microbiology
The area of pathology that involves examination of an autopsy in order to discover the cause of death is called?
Anatomical pathology
(Forensic pathology)
After analyzing and testing your biopsy or cytology samples, the pathologist will send your doctor a report that gives a diagnosis for each sample taken. This is called a?
pathology report
A sample of tissue is called what?
Specimen
What is the procedure called that is used to obtain a sample of tissue?
biopsy
short hand diagram for CBC (Complete Blood Count)
> —<
short hand diagram for Chem 7
—|—|—<
short hand diagram for liver enzymes
X
short hand diagram for Chem 10
Y
After centrifugation of blood, what are the 3 “layers”?
plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells.
What normally makes up the greatest volume of whole blood?
Water (90%)
What substance(s) is/are in plasma that is/are not in serum?
Plasma has clotting factors like fibrinogen.
Serum does not. Serum has H20, protein (albumin, antibody), hormones, electrolytes, nutrients
What are the two basic categories that units for lab values can be divided into?
- Amount
- Function (enzyme or hormone activity)
A doctor who specializes in interpreting laboratory tests and evaluating cells, tissues,
and organs to diagnose disease is called?
Pathologist
substances that kill or prevent the growth of the microorganisms.
Antiseptics
anti(against)+sepsis(decay)
How is the biblical story of Adam related to anesthesia?
suggested that God Himself sedated Adam before performing divine surgery
“So the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then He took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh at that place.”
Who made anesthesia famous?
William T.G. Morton
dentist, administered ether to a man who needed a tumor removed from his neck.
____ is the destruction or inhibition of microorganisms that exist on living tissue.
antisepsis
Give 3 examples of people/groups that have had practices that indicate an awareness of the need for anti-infective or anti-spoilage substances prior to the 1800s.
Egyptian embalmers,
Hippocrates
ancient Greeks and Romans,
Theodoric of Bologna, Sir John Pringle, Genevieve Charlotte d’Arconville
What was the final obstacle to surgical antisepsis?
How was it overcome in 1890’s?
Who is credited with the solution?
sterilization of human hands
pioneered the use of rubber gloves in surgery to help his nurse whose hands reacted tothe antiseptic
William Halsted
What is the procedure called that is performed at the beginning of all surgeries to identify the correct patient, site, and procedure?
Pre-procedure verification process
includes marking the procedure site and performing a time out before starting surgery
A portable cart that contains emergency resuscitation equipment is called?
Crash cart
(also called resuscitation cart or code cart)
Machine that assists with or controls pulmonary ventilation is called
Ventilator
(also called a respirator)
A potentially fatal allergic response to anesthesia is known as?
malignant hypothermia
How many stages of general anesthesia are there?
4
What are the two major types of anesthetics used for general anesthesia?
inhalation and intravenous anesthetics
True or false?
General anesthesia affects the entire body
True.
Anesthesia that combines the use of anesthetics, opioids, and neuromuscular blockers is called?
balanced anesthesia
Local, or ______, anesthesia involves the injection or application of an anesthetic drug to a specific area of the body
regional
The physician that is responsible for relief of pain and total care of the surgical patient before, during, and after surgery is called
Anesthesiologists
Tests done directly on liquid whole blood
Hematological Blood Tests
Tests that measure the amount of time it takes blood to clot.
Coagulation Laboratory Tests
Tests for chemical analytes in blood, urine, and body fluids.
Chemical Blood, Urine, and Body Fluid tests
swabs taken of infected areas of the body and streaked on nutrient-rich growth plates that allow bacteria to grow.
Microbiology Laboratory Tests
Tests on Urine (considered to be a liquid biopsy of the kidney?
Urine Laboratory tests
Tests that detect conditions, like HIV, rubella, mumps and pregnancy. Special markers have been added to kits that react to the matching element present
Serological Laboratory tests
Tests that do a Microscopic study of cells removed from the body (Pap smear). and tests that study cells and chemical reactions.
Cytology, Histology and Pathology
_____ &_______ used for the study of blood types and transfusion services.
Immunohematology and Blood Banking
