Chapter 3 Extra Flashcards
another word for coccyx
tailbone
another word for larynx
voice box
another word for pharynx
throat
another word for phlanx
finger or toe
to make combining forms for parts of the body that end in x substitute ____ for x
example:
coccyx - coccyg/o
larynx - laryng/o
pharynx - pharyng/o
phalanx - phalang/o
a common chronic disorder that involves widespread pain in the muscles and fibrous tissues around joints
Fibromyalgia
procedure commonly known as… (para) means beside or near. A tube is placed through an incision in the abdomen and fluid is removed from the peritoneal cavity (beside the abdominal organs).
abdominal paracentesis
or
abdominocentesis
what is the singular suffix for a berry-shaped bacterium ______________ _______________
plural _________________ ________________
-coccus bacterium (singular)
- cocci bacteria (plural)
The berry shaped bacteria in twisted chains that causes strep throat
Streptococcus (s)
Streptococci (pl)
The berry shaped bacteria in clusters that is responsible for (MRSA)
Staphylococcus (s)
Staphylococci (pl)
words ending in -us become plural by dropping the -us and adding an _______
dropping the -us and adding an -i
ex… nucleus nuclei / bronchus bronchi / thrombus thrombi
ischemic
pertaining to hold back or withhold oxygen
TIA stand for?
Transient ischemic attack “mini stroke”
anemia means “no blood” it is actually
a reduction in the number or erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
name at least 3 types of anemia?
iron deficiency anemia (iron is needed to make hemoglobin)
sickle cell anemia (erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels)
aplastic anemia (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow)
hemolytic anemia
lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat
tonsils (notice spelling)
tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils
normal breakdown of red blood cells is
hemolysis
excessive destruction of red blood cells. can lead to a type of anemia called…
hemolytic anemia
Endocrine disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.
Bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally (Abraham Lincoln) and (gigantism)
acromegaly
a malignant tumor that occurs in bone marrow tissue throughout the body
multiple myeloma
the term used in veterinary medicine for an animal autopsy
necropsy
a deficiency in the neutrophil (a type of white blood cell) is called
neutropenia
fear of heights
acrophobia
fear of being outside of the home alone, or bing in open or enclosed places or using public transportation
agoraphobia
_______occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells)
splenomegaly
An inherited disorder can be the result of a mutation. Defect in cartilage and bone formation (dwarfism). Abnormally short stature with normal length of the trunk , short limbs and fingers, bone legs, prominent forehead and depressed nasal bridge
achondroplasia
The procedure when an interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel (artery) using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessels. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open
angioplasty
blepharoptosis is
drooping of the upper eyelids or the breasts
discharge from the nose is…
rhinorrhea
ather/o
fatty material
atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis when deposits of fat collect in an artery
name at least 4 common surgical repair procedures
- abdominoplasty abdomen
- mammoplasty breast
- blepharoplasty eyelid
- rhinoplasty nose
- vaginoplasty
a large incision also referred to as a “lap” is called a _________ it is also a large incision into the peritoneal cavity, often performed on an exploratory basis not to be confused with laparoscopy
laparotomy
an incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.
tracheotomy
the spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or lacation
metastasis
(meta-means beyond)
blood flow is stopped naturally by closing or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound
hemostasis
a surgical clamp used in operating rooms to stop blood flow
hemostat
High-energy radiation is used to treat, not diagnose, illness.
radiotherapy
Cells increase in size, not number. Muscles of weight lifters often ______
hypertrophy
Cells decrease in size. Muscles ______ when immobilized in a cast and not in use
atrophy
-er (one who) a technologist who assists in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures
radiographer
ia (condition) a group of cancers that begins in bone marrow and results in Hugh numbers of abnormal, immature white blood cells
leukemia
(structure tissue -um, -ium) membrane surrounding the heart
pericardium
-genesis (condition of producing, forming) disease or cancer
pathogenesis
carcinogenesis
-lysis (normal breakdown, destruction, separation) of red blood cells
hemolysis
-malacia
(softening) of the bones _______________
(softening) of the cartilage________________
osteomalacia
chondromalacia
-stasis (controlling, stopping) flow of blood
hemostasis
-stomy (opening to form a mouth (stoma) in the colon
colostomy
-trophy (development, nourishment) of the cells both increase and decrease
hypertrophy
atrophy
-oid (resembling, derived from) small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. literal meaning “resembling glands”
adenoids
-ole (little, small) artery
arteriole
-ule (little, small) vein
venule
-us (structure, substance) in the nose
mucus
What 2 types of veins take blood rich in oxygen away from the heart from largest to smallest
-capillaries-
What 2 types of veins take blood low in oxygen toward the heart from smallest to largest
artery
arterioles
(away from the heart -blood rich)
capillaries meet in the middle
venules
veins
(to the heart - oxygen poor)
stupor or sleep
narc/o
narcotics
in breast cancer the first lymph node to which cancer is most llikely to spread in the armpit is called the
sentinel axillary lymph node
-ar (pertaining to) the tonsils
tonsillar
-ary (pertaining to) the lungs
pulmonary
-eal (pertaining to) the larynx
laryngeal
-genic (pertaining to, producing, produced by or in) the bones
osteogenic
-ose (pertaining to, full of) fat
adipose
-ous (pertaining to) the type of membranes ______(adj) in the nose that produce a sticky secretion called ______(a noun)
mucous (membrane adj)
mucus (sticky secretion noun)
-tic (pertaining to) death
necrotic
occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through he esophageal opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male
inguinal hernia
occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles
cystocele
occurs when a protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
rectocele
a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth.
(omphal/o = umbilicus, naval)
omphalocele
a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.
abscess
berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs
diplococci
the name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for pneumonia
(berry shaped two)
pneumococci
name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for causing gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection)
gonococci
rod shaped bacteria responsible for an infection and inflammation of the colon with severe diarrheal disease. Common in patients who take antibiotics for a long time
C. difficile
clostridium difficile bacteria
Where stool containing normal bacteria from a healthy donor into transplanted into a patient with chronic C. difficile infection. It is a bacteriotherapy called a__________________. ___________________
fecal transplant
what shape are coccal bacteria?
berry or rounded shape
gram-positive bacteria means
they retain the light purple color of the stain used in Gram’s method.
ex… of gram-positive bacteria are streptococci, and staphylococci
gram-negative bacteria means
they have the pink color of the counterstain (safranin) used in Gram’s method.
ex… of gram-negative bacteria are diplococci
how many types of white blood cells are there and what are their names
5 Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
neutrophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
eosinophil
basophil
3 leukocytes that are granulocytes meaning they contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have multi lobed nucleus (formed in the bone marrow)
[ Phils ]
1. Eosinophils-allergic conditions such as asthma
2. Basophils-less than 1% of leukocytes, found in the healing stage.
3. Neutrophils- most important (phagocytes “pac-men”) (“polys-polymorphonuclear leukocytes =many multi lobed nucleus)
what are the two types of mononuclear leukocytes?
[ Cytes ]
1. Lymphocytes (lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. T and B cells. In AIDS patients have serious depletion of the T lymphocytes (T cells)
2. Monocytes- very large nucleus)engulf and destroy cellular Debis after neutrophils and attacked the foreign cells. once they leave the bloodstream and enter tissue they become3 macrophages which are large phagocytes.
what kind of cells are thrombocytes or platelets?
clotting cells
organize and categorize the 5 types of leukocytes (white blood cells into two different categories)
granulocytes: eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
mononuclear: lymphocyte, monocyte
a minimally invasive surgery/ visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope. often used to remove the appendix, gallbladder, adrenal gland, spleen, or ovary etc..
laparoscopy
instrument that keeps the vaginal cavity open
vaginal speculum
tube placed into the uterus to manipulate the uterus during a tubal ligation procedure
uterine cannula
an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted. The tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus)
tracheostomy
large abdominal incision to remove an ovarian adenocarcinoma
laparotomy
surgical procedure to open clogged coronary arteries
angioplasty
method of removing fluid from the chest (pleural effusion)
thoracentesis
x-ray procedure used to examine blood vessels before surgery
angiography
-suffix for process of producing
-genesis
berry-shaped bacteria in twisted chains (pl)
streptococci
berry-shaped bacteria in clusters
staphylococci
resection of the voice box
laryngectomy
discharge from the nose
rhinorrhea
a granulocytic white blood cell (stain purple) that destroys foreign cells by engulfing and ingesting them; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte
neutrophil
mononuclear white blood cell that destroys foreign cells by making antibodies
lymphocyte
leukocyte with reddish-staining granules and numbers elevated in allergic reactions
eosinophil
mononuclear white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris; contains one large nucleus
monocyte
granulocytic white blood cell that increases during the healing phase of inflammation
basophil
the plural form of metastasis
metastases
the plural form of prognosis
prognoses
