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Language of Medicine > Chapter 3 Extra > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Extra Flashcards

1
Q

another word for coccyx

A

tailbone

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2
Q

another word for larynx

A

voice box

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3
Q

another word for pharynx

A

throat

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4
Q

another word for phlanx

A

finger or toe

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5
Q

to make combining forms for parts of the body that end in x substitute ____ for x

A

example:
coccyx - coccyg/o
larynx - laryng/o
pharynx - pharyng/o
phalanx - phalang/o

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6
Q

a common chronic disorder that involves widespread pain in the muscles and fibrous tissues around joints

A

Fibromyalgia

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7
Q

procedure commonly known as… (para) means beside or near. A tube is placed through an incision in the abdomen and fluid is removed from the peritoneal cavity (beside the abdominal organs).

A

abdominal paracentesis
or
abdominocentesis

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8
Q

what is the singular suffix for a berry-shaped bacterium ______________ _______________
plural _________________ ________________

A

-coccus bacterium (singular)
- cocci bacteria (plural)

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9
Q

The berry shaped bacteria in twisted chains that causes strep throat

A

Streptococcus (s)
Streptococci (pl)

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10
Q

The berry shaped bacteria in clusters that is responsible for (MRSA)

A

Staphylococcus (s)
Staphylococci (pl)

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11
Q

words ending in -us become plural by dropping the -us and adding an _______

A

dropping the -us and adding an -i
ex… nucleus nuclei / bronchus bronchi / thrombus thrombi

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12
Q

ischemic

A

pertaining to hold back or withhold oxygen

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13
Q

TIA stand for?

A

Transient ischemic attack “mini stroke”

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14
Q

anemia means “no blood” it is actually

A

a reduction in the number or erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood

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15
Q

name at least 3 types of anemia?

A

iron deficiency anemia (iron is needed to make hemoglobin)
sickle cell anemia (erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels)
aplastic anemia (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow)
hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat

A

tonsils (notice spelling)
tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils

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17
Q

normal breakdown of red blood cells is

A

hemolysis

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18
Q

excessive destruction of red blood cells. can lead to a type of anemia called…

A

hemolytic anemia

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19
Q

Endocrine disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.
Bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally (Abraham Lincoln) and (gigantism)

A

acromegaly

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20
Q

a malignant tumor that occurs in bone marrow tissue throughout the body

A

multiple myeloma

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21
Q

the term used in veterinary medicine for an animal autopsy

A

necropsy

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22
Q

a deficiency in the neutrophil (a type of white blood cell) is called

A

neutropenia

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23
Q

fear of heights

A

acrophobia

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24
Q

fear of being outside of the home alone, or bing in open or enclosed places or using public transportation

A

agoraphobia

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25
Q

_______occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells)

A

splenomegaly

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26
Q

An inherited disorder can be the result of a mutation. Defect in cartilage and bone formation (dwarfism). Abnormally short stature with normal length of the trunk , short limbs and fingers, bone legs, prominent forehead and depressed nasal bridge

A

achondroplasia

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27
Q

The procedure when an interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel (artery) using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessels. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open

A

angioplasty

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28
Q

blepharoptosis is

A

drooping of the upper eyelids or the breasts

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29
Q

discharge from the nose is…

A

rhinorrhea

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30
Q

ather/o

A

fatty material

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31
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis when deposits of fat collect in an artery

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32
Q

name at least 4 common surgical repair procedures

A
  1. abdominoplasty abdomen
  2. mammoplasty breast
  3. blepharoplasty eyelid
  4. rhinoplasty nose
  5. vaginoplasty
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33
Q

a large incision also referred to as a “lap” is called a _________ it is also a large incision into the peritoneal cavity, often performed on an exploratory basis not to be confused with laparoscopy

A

laparotomy

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34
Q

an incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.

A

tracheotomy

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35
Q

the spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or lacation

A

metastasis
(meta-means beyond)

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36
Q

blood flow is stopped naturally by closing or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound

A

hemostasis

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37
Q

a surgical clamp used in operating rooms to stop blood flow

A

hemostat

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38
Q

High-energy radiation is used to treat, not diagnose, illness.

A

radiotherapy

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39
Q

Cells increase in size, not number. Muscles of weight lifters often ______

A

hypertrophy

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40
Q

Cells decrease in size. Muscles ______ when immobilized in a cast and not in use

A

atrophy

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41
Q

-er (one who) a technologist who assists in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures

A

radiographer

42
Q

ia (condition) a group of cancers that begins in bone marrow and results in Hugh numbers of abnormal, immature white blood cells

A

leukemia

43
Q

(structure tissue -um, -ium) membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

44
Q

-genesis (condition of producing, forming) disease or cancer

A

pathogenesis
carcinogenesis

45
Q

-lysis (normal breakdown, destruction, separation) of red blood cells

A

hemolysis

46
Q

-malacia
(softening) of the bones _______________
(softening) of the cartilage________________

A

osteomalacia
chondromalacia

47
Q

-stasis (controlling, stopping) flow of blood

A

hemostasis

48
Q

-stomy (opening to form a mouth (stoma) in the colon

A

colostomy

49
Q

-trophy (development, nourishment) of the cells both increase and decrease

A

hypertrophy
atrophy

50
Q

-oid (resembling, derived from) small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. literal meaning “resembling glands”

A

adenoids

51
Q

-ole (little, small) artery

A

arteriole

52
Q

-ule (little, small) vein

A

venule

53
Q

-us (structure, substance) in the nose

A

mucus

54
Q

What 2 types of veins take blood rich in oxygen away from the heart from largest to smallest

-capillaries-

What 2 types of veins take blood low in oxygen toward the heart from smallest to largest

A

artery
arterioles
(away from the heart -blood rich)

capillaries meet in the middle

venules
veins
(to the heart - oxygen poor)

55
Q

stupor or sleep

A

narc/o
narcotics

56
Q

in breast cancer the first lymph node to which cancer is most llikely to spread in the armpit is called the

A

sentinel axillary lymph node

57
Q

-ar (pertaining to) the tonsils

A

tonsillar

58
Q

-ary (pertaining to) the lungs

A

pulmonary

59
Q

-eal (pertaining to) the larynx

A

laryngeal

60
Q

-genic (pertaining to, producing, produced by or in) the bones

A

osteogenic

61
Q

-ose (pertaining to, full of) fat

A

adipose

62
Q

-ous (pertaining to) the type of membranes ______(adj) in the nose that produce a sticky secretion called ______(a noun)

A

mucous (membrane adj)
mucus (sticky secretion noun)

63
Q

-tic (pertaining to) death

A

necrotic

64
Q

occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through he esophageal opening in the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

65
Q

occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male

A

inguinal hernia

66
Q

occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles

A

cystocele

67
Q

occurs when a protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

A

rectocele

68
Q

a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth.
(omphal/o = umbilicus, naval)

A

omphalocele

69
Q

a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.

A

abscess

70
Q

berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs

A

diplococci

71
Q

the name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for pneumonia
(berry shaped two)

A

pneumococci

72
Q

name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for causing gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection)

A

gonococci

73
Q

rod shaped bacteria responsible for an infection and inflammation of the colon with severe diarrheal disease. Common in patients who take antibiotics for a long time

A

C. difficile
clostridium difficile bacteria

74
Q

Where stool containing normal bacteria from a healthy donor into transplanted into a patient with chronic C. difficile infection. It is a bacteriotherapy called a__________________. ___________________

A

fecal transplant

75
Q

what shape are coccal bacteria?

A

berry or rounded shape

76
Q

gram-positive bacteria means

A

they retain the light purple color of the stain used in Gram’s method.
ex… of gram-positive bacteria are streptococci, and staphylococci

77
Q

gram-negative bacteria means

A

they have the pink color of the counterstain (safranin) used in Gram’s method.
ex… of gram-negative bacteria are diplococci

78
Q

how many types of white blood cells are there and what are their names

A

5 Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
neutrophil
lymphocyte
monocyte
eosinophil
basophil

79
Q

3 leukocytes that are granulocytes meaning they contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have multi lobed nucleus (formed in the bone marrow)

A

[ Phils ]
1. Eosinophils-allergic conditions such as asthma
2. Basophils-less than 1% of leukocytes, found in the healing stage.
3. Neutrophils- most important (phagocytes “pac-men”) (“polys-polymorphonuclear leukocytes =many multi lobed nucleus)

80
Q

what are the two types of mononuclear leukocytes?

A

[ Cytes ]
1. Lymphocytes (lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. T and B cells. In AIDS patients have serious depletion of the T lymphocytes (T cells)
2. Monocytes- very large nucleus)engulf and destroy cellular Debis after neutrophils and attacked the foreign cells. once they leave the bloodstream and enter tissue they become3 macrophages which are large phagocytes.

81
Q

what kind of cells are thrombocytes or platelets?

A

clotting cells

82
Q

organize and categorize the 5 types of leukocytes (white blood cells into two different categories)

A

granulocytes: eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

mononuclear: lymphocyte, monocyte

83
Q

a minimally invasive surgery/ visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope. often used to remove the appendix, gallbladder, adrenal gland, spleen, or ovary etc..

A

laparoscopy

84
Q

instrument that keeps the vaginal cavity open

A

vaginal speculum

85
Q

tube placed into the uterus to manipulate the uterus during a tubal ligation procedure

A

uterine cannula

86
Q

an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted. The tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus)

A

tracheostomy

87
Q

large abdominal incision to remove an ovarian adenocarcinoma

A

laparotomy

88
Q

surgical procedure to open clogged coronary arteries

A

angioplasty

89
Q

method of removing fluid from the chest (pleural effusion)

A

thoracentesis

90
Q

x-ray procedure used to examine blood vessels before surgery

A

angiography

91
Q

-suffix for process of producing

A

-genesis

92
Q

berry-shaped bacteria in twisted chains (pl)

A

streptococci

93
Q

berry-shaped bacteria in clusters

A

staphylococci

94
Q

resection of the voice box

A

laryngectomy

95
Q

discharge from the nose

A

rhinorrhea

96
Q

a granulocytic white blood cell (stain purple) that destroys foreign cells by engulfing and ingesting them; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

A

neutrophil

97
Q

mononuclear white blood cell that destroys foreign cells by making antibodies

A

lymphocyte

98
Q

leukocyte with reddish-staining granules and numbers elevated in allergic reactions

A

eosinophil

99
Q

mononuclear white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris; contains one large nucleus

A

monocyte

100
Q

granulocytic white blood cell that increases during the healing phase of inflammation

A

basophil

101
Q

the plural form of metastasis

A

metastases

102
Q

the plural form of prognosis

A

prognoses

Language of Medicine (18 decks)

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