Chapter 3 Extra Flashcards by Heather Murray

another word for coccyx

tailbone

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another word for larynx

voice box

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another word for pharynx

throat

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another word for phlanx

finger or toe

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to make combining forms for parts of the body that end in x substitute ____ for x

example:
coccyx - coccyg/o
larynx - laryng/o
pharynx - pharyng/o
phalanx - phalang/o

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a common chronic disorder that involves widespread pain in the muscles and fibrous tissues around joints

Fibromyalgia

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procedure commonly known as… (para) means beside or near. A tube is placed through an incision in the abdomen and fluid is removed from the peritoneal cavity (beside the abdominal organs).

abdominal paracentesis
or
abdominocentesis

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what is the singular suffix for a berry-shaped bacterium ______________ _______________
plural _________________ ________________

-coccus bacterium (singular)
- cocci bacteria (plural)

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The berry shaped bacteria in twisted chains that causes strep throat

Streptococcus (s)
Streptococci (pl)

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The berry shaped bacteria in clusters that is responsible for (MRSA)

Staphylococcus (s)
Staphylococci (pl)

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words ending in -us become plural by dropping the -us and adding an _______

dropping the -us and adding an -i
ex… nucleus nuclei / bronchus bronchi / thrombus thrombi

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ischemic

pertaining to hold back or withhold oxygen

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TIA stand for?

Transient ischemic attack “mini stroke”

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anemia means “no blood” it is actually

a reduction in the number or erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood

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name at least 3 types of anemia?

iron deficiency anemia (iron is needed to make hemoglobin)
sickle cell anemia (erythrocytes assume an abnormal sickle shape and clog blood vessels)
aplastic anemia (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow)
hemolytic anemia

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lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat

tonsils (notice spelling)
tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils

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normal breakdown of red blood cells is

hemolysis

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excessive destruction of red blood cells. can lead to a type of anemia called…

hemolytic anemia

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Endocrine disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.
Bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally (Abraham Lincoln) and (gigantism)

acromegaly

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a malignant tumor that occurs in bone marrow tissue throughout the body

multiple myeloma

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the term used in veterinary medicine for an animal autopsy

necropsy

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a deficiency in the neutrophil (a type of white blood cell) is called

neutropenia

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fear of heights

acrophobia

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fear of being outside of the home alone, or bing in open or enclosed places or using public transportation

agoraphobia

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_______occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells)

splenomegaly

An inherited disorder can be the result of a mutation. Defect in cartilage and bone formation (dwarfism). Abnormally short stature with normal length of the trunk , short limbs and fingers, bone legs, prominent forehead and depressed nasal bridge

achondroplasia

The procedure when an interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel (artery) using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessels. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open

angioplasty

blepharoptosis is

drooping of the upper eyelids or the breasts

discharge from the nose is...

rhinorrhea

ather/o

fatty material

atherosclerosis

a form of arteriosclerosis when deposits of fat collect in an artery

name at least 4 common surgical repair procedures

1. abdominoplasty abdomen 2. mammoplasty breast 3. blepharoplasty eyelid 4. rhinoplasty nose 5. vaginoplasty

a large incision also referred to as a "lap" is called a _________ it is also a large incision into the peritoneal cavity, often performed on an exploratory basis not to be confused with laparoscopy

laparotomy

an incision into the trachea typically done to open it below a blockage.

tracheotomy

the spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or lacation

metastasis (meta-means beyond)

blood flow is stopped naturally by closing or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound

hemostasis

a surgical clamp used in operating rooms to stop blood flow

hemostat

High-energy radiation is used to treat, not diagnose, illness.

radiotherapy

Cells increase in size, not number. Muscles of weight lifters often ______

hypertrophy

Cells decrease in size. Muscles ______ when immobilized in a cast and not in use

atrophy

-er (one who) a technologist who assists in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures

radiographer

ia (condition) a group of cancers that begins in bone marrow and results in Hugh numbers of abnormal, immature white blood cells

leukemia

(structure tissue -um, -ium) membrane surrounding the heart

pericardium

-genesis (condition of producing, forming) disease or cancer

pathogenesis carcinogenesis

-lysis (normal breakdown, destruction, separation) of red blood cells

hemolysis

-malacia (softening) of the bones _______________ (softening) of the cartilage________________

osteomalacia chondromalacia

-stasis (controlling, stopping) flow of blood

hemostasis

-stomy (opening to form a mouth (stoma) in the colon

colostomy

-trophy (development, nourishment) of the cells both increase and decrease

hypertrophy atrophy

-oid (resembling, derived from) small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. literal meaning "resembling glands"

adenoids

-ole (little, small) artery

arteriole

-ule (little, small) vein

venule

-us (structure, substance) in the nose

mucus

What 2 types of veins take blood rich in oxygen away from the heart from largest to smallest -capillaries- What 2 types of veins take blood low in oxygen toward the heart from smallest to largest

artery arterioles (away from the heart -blood rich) capillaries meet in the middle venules veins (to the heart - oxygen poor)

stupor or sleep

narc/o narcotics

in breast cancer the first lymph node to which cancer is most llikely to spread in the armpit is called the

sentinel axillary lymph node

-ar (pertaining to) the tonsils

tonsillar

-ary (pertaining to) the lungs

pulmonary

-eal (pertaining to) the larynx

laryngeal

-genic (pertaining to, producing, produced by or in) the bones

osteogenic

-ose (pertaining to, full of) fat

adipose

-ous (pertaining to) the type of membranes ______(adj) in the nose that produce a sticky secretion called ______(a noun)

mucous (membrane adj) mucus (sticky secretion noun)

-tic (pertaining to) death

necrotic

occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through he esophageal opening in the diaphragm

hiatal hernia

occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male

inguinal hernia

occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles

cystocele

occurs when a protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

rectocele

a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth. (omphal/o = umbilicus, naval)

omphalocele

a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.

abscess

berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs

diplococci

the name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for pneumonia (berry shaped two)

pneumococci

name of a diplococci bacteria that is responsible for causing gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted infection)

gonococci

rod shaped bacteria responsible for an infection and inflammation of the colon with severe diarrheal disease. Common in patients who take antibiotics for a long time

C. difficile clostridium difficile bacteria

Where stool containing normal bacteria from a healthy donor into transplanted into a patient with chronic C. difficile infection. It is a bacteriotherapy called a__________________. ___________________

fecal transplant

what shape are coccal bacteria?

berry or rounded shape

gram-positive bacteria means

they retain the light purple color of the stain used in Gram's method. ex... of gram-positive bacteria are streptococci, and staphylococci

gram-negative bacteria means

they have the pink color of the counterstain (safranin) used in Gram's method. ex... of gram-negative bacteria are diplococci

how many types of white blood cells are there and what are their names

5 Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte eosinophil basophil

3 leukocytes that are granulocytes meaning they contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have multi lobed nucleus (formed in the bone marrow)

[ Phils ] 1. Eosinophils-allergic conditions such as asthma 2. Basophils-less than 1% of leukocytes, found in the healing stage. 3. Neutrophils- most important (phagocytes "pac-men") ("polys-polymorphonuclear leukocytes =many multi lobed nucleus)

what are the two types of mononuclear leukocytes?

[ Cytes ] 1. Lymphocytes (lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. T and B cells. In AIDS patients have serious depletion of the T lymphocytes (T cells) 2. Monocytes- very large nucleus)engulf and destroy cellular Debis after neutrophils and attacked the foreign cells. once they leave the bloodstream and enter tissue they become3 macrophages which are large phagocytes.

what kind of cells are thrombocytes or platelets?

clotting cells

organize and categorize the 5 types of leukocytes (white blood cells into two different categories)

granulocytes: eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil mononuclear: lymphocyte, monocyte

a minimally invasive surgery/ visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope. often used to remove the appendix, gallbladder, adrenal gland, spleen, or ovary etc..

laparoscopy

instrument that keeps the vaginal cavity open

vaginal speculum

tube placed into the uterus to manipulate the uterus during a tubal ligation procedure

uterine cannula

an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted. The tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus)

tracheostomy

large abdominal incision to remove an ovarian adenocarcinoma

laparotomy

surgical procedure to open clogged coronary arteries

angioplasty

method of removing fluid from the chest (pleural effusion)

thoracentesis

x-ray procedure used to examine blood vessels before surgery

angiography

-suffix for process of producing

-genesis

berry-shaped bacteria in twisted chains (pl)

streptococci

berry-shaped bacteria in clusters

staphylococci

resection of the voice box

laryngectomy

discharge from the nose

rhinorrhea

a granulocytic white blood cell (stain purple) that destroys foreign cells by engulfing and ingesting them; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

neutrophil

mononuclear white blood cell that destroys foreign cells by making antibodies

lymphocyte

leukocyte with reddish-staining granules and numbers elevated in allergic reactions

eosinophil

mononuclear white blood cell that engulfs and digests cellular debris; contains one large nucleus

monocyte

granulocytic white blood cell that increases during the healing phase of inflammation

basophil

the plural form of metastasis

metastases

the plural form of prognosis

prognoses