Ch 22 psychiatry Flashcards
-form
resembling; in the shape of
-genic
produced by
-kinesia
movement
-leptic
to seize hold of
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
-oid
derived from, related to, resembling or originating from
-pathy
disease; emotion
-phobia
fear (irrational and often disabling)
-phoria
feeling, bearing
-somnia
sleep
-thymia
mind
-tropic
pertaining to stimulating
a-, an-
no, not
AD
Alzheimer disease—a form of dementia
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADLs
activities of daily living
External expression of emotion, or emotional response.
affect
agora-
marketplace
Fear of open spaces; an anxiety disorder. Agora- means marketplace. Agoraphobics fear leaving home or a safe place.
agoraphobia
AIMS
abnormal involuntary movement scale—used to monitor signs of tardive dyskinesia
Loss of memory.
amnesia
Central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder and depression.
amphetamines
Eating disorder with excessive dieting; refusal to maintain a normal body weight. -orexia means appetite.
anorexia nervosa
Characterized by lack of loyalty or concern for others and lack of moral standards.
antisocial personality
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
Varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations.
anxiety
Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior; examples are generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
anxiety disorders
Drug that relieves anxiety and produces a relaxing effect. This type of drug relieves anxiety. Benzodiazopines are anxiolytics (Valium and Xanax are examples).
anxiolytic
Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement.
apathy
ASD
autism spectrum disorder
Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior (schizophrenia, or bipolar disease; second generation antipsychotics).
atypical antipsychotics
aut/o
self
Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior.
autism
Personality disorder marked by a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
avoidant personality
Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks.
benzodiazepines
Disorders marked by alternating periods of mania and depression.
bipolar disorders
Instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self; alternating involvement with and rejection of people.
borderline personality
Eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression.
bulimia nervosa
BZD
benzodiazepine
CA
chronologic age
Plant substance from which marijuana is obtained.
cannabis
cata-
down
Immobility, muscular rigidity, and mutism induced by a psychologic disorder such as schizophrenia. Ton/o means tension. A state of psychologically induced immobility with muscular rigidity.
catatonia
CBT
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Fear of closed-in places.
claustrophobia
CNS
central nervous system
Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts. Conditioning (changing behavior patterns by training and repetition) is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness.
cognitive behavioral therapy
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly and reduce anxiety.
compulsion
Condition marked by neurologic symptoms with no organic (physical) basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict.
conversion disorder
cycl/o
ciliary body of eye; cycle; circle
Patient experiences alternating states of depression and exhilaration; mild form of bipolar disorder. Cycl/o means circle or recurring. Alternating periods of hypomania and depression; lesser intensity than in bipolar disorder.
cyclothymia
Unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety. It protects the person against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out, denial, and repression.
defense mechanism
Acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, agitation, and fearfulness. This usually is a reversible impairment. Delirium tremens is associated with alcohol withdrawal.
delirium
Anxiety, confusion in thinking, and tremors associated with withdrawal from excessive and habitual use of alcohol.
delirium tremens
Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.
delusion
Progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
dementia
Personality disorder marked by an excessive need to be taken care of and a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior.
dependent personality
Uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress, and can lead to multiple personalities.
dissociation
Major psychiatric disorders with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal thoughts.
depressive disorders
Conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception.
dissociative disorders
DSM-5TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed, Text Revision
DT
delirium tremens
dys-
abnormal, bad, difficult, painful
Intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life. Sadness, hopelessness, and depressive mood; feeling “low.” The prefix dys- means unpleasant. A person with dysphoria experiences uneasiness and dissatisfaction with life, often followed by depression. Gender dysphoria is listed in the DSM 5-TR as distress related to gender identity, but not all transgender or gender-diverse people experience this distress.
dysphoria
Depressive episodes, but not of the same intensity or duration as major depression. Depressed mood that is not as severe as in major depression.
dysthymia
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
ego
Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind.
Electrical current is used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable.
electroconvulsive therapy
eu-
good; normal; true
Intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and joy. Exaggerated feeling of well-being; elevated mood, “high.” The prefix eu- means good. An excited state of joy; a good feeling.
euphoria
Normal, non-depressed, positive mood.
euthymia
Compulsive need to expose one’s genitals.
exhibitionistic disorder
Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts.
family therapy
Use of nonliving objects, such as articles of clothing, as substitutes for a human sexual love object.
fetishistic disorder
Early neuroleptic medications that reduce psychotic symptoms.
first generation antipsychotic drugs
Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind.
free association
Flight from customary surroundings; sign of dissociative disorder.
fugue
GAD
generalized anxiety disorder
Group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other.
group therapy
hallucination, to wander in the mind
hallucin/o
False sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things).
hallucination
Substance that produces hallucinations. A hallucination is a sensory perception in the absence of any external stimuli, and an illusion is an error in perception in which sensory stimuli are present but incorrectly interpreted.
hallucinogen
Highly emotional, immature, and dependent personality type with irrational outbursts, tantrums, and flamboyant and theatrical behavior.
histrionic personality
hypn/o
sleep
Induced trance (state of altered consciousness). The Greek god of sleep (Hypnos) put people to sleep by touching them with his magic wand or by fanning them with his dark wings.
hypnosis
hypo-
deficient, less than, below
Elevated excitement that is of lesser intensity than mania. This is a milder form of mania, lasting for a shorter period of time.
hypomania
iatr/o
treatment
Pertaining to produced by a treatment or a procedure.
iatrogenic
ID
intellectual disability
Major unconscious part of the personality; instinctual drives and desires.
id
a misperception of an actual sensory stimulus, such as hearing voices in the sound of rustling leaves.
illusion
Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings. The patient tells their story and connects emotional patterns in their life history with present concerns.
insight-oriented therapy
Short-term treatment for depression concentrating on interpersonal relationships and life transitions.
interpersonal therapy
IPT
interpersonal therapy
IQ
intelligence quotient. An IQ test is a standardized test to determine mental age of an individual. The average person is considered to have an IQ of between 90 and 110. Those who score below 70 are considered to have an intellectual disability.
klept/o
to steal
Strong impulse to steal, often with little actual desire for the stolen item. Klept/o means to steal.
kleptomania
Unstable; Variable; undergoing rapid emotional change.
labile
Involves exposure to an artificial light source to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) with seasonal patterns, otherwise known as seasonal affective disorders (SAD).
light therapy
Medication used to treat bipolar illness.
lithium
LSD
lysergic acid diethylamide—a hallucinogen
MA
mental age—as determined by psychological tests
Elevated, euphoric state with racing thoughts, talkativeness, and hyperactivity. Elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness, and racing thought. HINT: Don’t confuse with the suffix -mania (see page 880), meaning obsession.
mania
MAOI
monoamine oxidase inhibitor; an example is phenelzine (Nardil)
MDD
major depressive disorder
ment/o
mind
Pertaining to the mind.
mental
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
No, or very little, ability to speak.
mutism
nar-sih-SIS-tikper-son-AL-ih-te
narcissistic personality
NCD
neurocognitive disorder
neur/o
nerve
Group of psychiatric disorders marked by disturbances in thinking, perception, reasoning, and judgment.
neurocognitive disorders
Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism spectrum disorder is an example.
neurodevelopmental disorders
Drug that reduces psychotic symptoms; antipsychotic drug.
neuroleptic drug
Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. Examples of neurotransmitters are serotonin and norepinephrine.
neurotransmitter
Involuntary, persistent idea, urge or emotion.
obsession
Recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior. Examples of OCD-related disorder are body dysmorphic disorder and hoarding disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorders
OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder
OCPD
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Substance either resembling or derived from opium. Examples are cocaine, morphine, and heroin.
opioids
para-
abnormal
Overly suspicious system of thinking with fixed delusions of being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated. The no- in this term comes from the Greek word nous, meaning mind.
paranoia
PAR-ah-noydper-son-AL-ih-te
paranoid personality
Para- means abnormal.
paraphilia ______________________________________
Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations.
paraphilic disorders
ped-uh-FIL-e-ah
pedophilia
Lifelong patterns of interacting and behavior marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning.
personality disorders
Drugs used to treat serious mental illnesses or psychoses. They modify psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) and behavior.
phenothiazines
phil/o
attraction to, love
Irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation.
phobia
Phobia - air
aerophobia
Phobia - animals
zoophobia
Phobia - bees
apiphobia, melissophobia
Phobia - blood or bleeding
hematophobia, hemophobia
Phobia - books
bibliophobia
Phobia - cats
ailurophobia
Phobia - corpses
necrophobia
Phobia - crossing a bridge
gephyrophobia
Phobia - darkness
nyctophobia, scotophobia
Phobia - death
thanatophobia
Phobia - dogs
cynophobia
Phobia - drugs
pharmacophobia
Phobia - eating
phagophobia
Phobia - enclosed places
claustrophobia
Phobia - hair
trichophobia, trichopathophobia
Phobia - heights
acrophobia
Phobia - insects
entomophobia
Phobia - light
photophobia
Phobia - marriage
gamophobia
Phobia - men
androphobia
Phobia - needles
belonephobia
Phobia - pain
algophobia
Phobia - sexual intercourse
coitophobia, cypridophobia
Phobia - sleep
hypnophobia
Phobia - snakes
ophidiophobia
Phobia - spiders
arachnophobia
Phobia - traveling
hodophobia
Phobia - vomiting
emetophobia
Phobia - women
gynephobia, gynophobia
Phobia - worms
helminthophobia
Phobia - writing
graphophobia
phren/o
mind
Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings that cannot be communicated verbally.
play therapy
Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event.
post-traumatic stress disorder
Diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality.
projective (personality) test
psych/o
mind
Physician with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. Examples are a child psychiatrist and a forensic psychiatrist (specializing in legal considerations). Forensic comes from the Latin forum, meaning public place.
psychiatrist
Treatment of the mind.
psychiatry
Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior.
psychoanalysis
Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients.
psychodrama
Pertaining to produced within the mind; having emotional and psychologic origin, rather than a physical cause.
psychogenic
Nonmedical professional (PhD, or PsyD degree) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease. Areas of interest are clinical psychology (patient oriented), experimental psychology (research oriented), and social psychology (social interaction oriented).
psychologist
Treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs.
psychopharmacology
Marked by loss of contact with reality, often associated with delusions and hallucinations. Loss of contact with reality associated with symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior.
psychosis
Pertaining to the interrelationship of the mind (psych/o) and body (somat/o).
psychosomatic
Treatment of the mind; talk therapy for mental disorders and emotional difficulties.
psychotherapy
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
pyr/o
fever; fire
Strong impulse (obsessive urge) to set objects on fire. Pyr/o means fire, heat.
pyromania
Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychosis.
reality testing
Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness.
repression
Rx
therapy
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
schiz/o
split
A type of personality disorder; emotionally cold, withdrawn and aloof.
schizoid ______________________________________
Emotionally cold and aloof, as if split off from other people; indifferent to praise or criticism or to the feelings of others.
schizoid personality
Psychosis marked by withdrawal from reality into an inner world of disorganized thinking and conflict. Schiz/o means split.
schizophrenia
Group of chronic psychotic disorders that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative.
schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Drugs that induce calmness, promote sleep, and help lessen anxiety.
sedatives
Disturbances in sexual response or sexual pleasure.
sexual dysfunctions
Sexual gratification gained by humiliation, bondage, or suffering.
sexual masochism disorder
Sexual gratification gained by inflicting physical or psychologic pain or harm on others.
sexual sadism disorder
SNRI
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; an example is duloxetine (Cymbalta)
somat/o
body
Presence of physical symptoms (such as pain or fatigue) that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or mental condition.
somatic symptom disorders
SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; an example is fluoxetine (Prozac)
Disorders marked by regular overuse of or dependence on psychoactive substances (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedatives) that affect the CNS.
substance-related and addictive disorders
Internalized conscience and moral aspect of the personality.
superego
Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events.
supportive psychotherapy
TAT
Thematic Apperception Test
TCA
tricyclic antidepressant
TD
tardive dyskinesia
THC
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol—active ingredient in marijuana
TMS
transcranial magnetic stimulation
Ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells. Also in pharmacology tolerance is a drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve a desired effect.
tolerance
ton/o
to stretch
Non-invasive procedure using magnetic fields to activate nerve cells in the brain for treatment of depression.
transcranial magnetic stimulation
Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure.
transference
Drugs used to treat severe depression (characterized by a three-ringed fused molecular structure).
tricyclic antidepressants
Sexual excitement is achieved by spying on people who are naked, undressing, or engaged in sexual activity.
voyeuristic disorder
WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
xen/o
stranger
Fear of strangers. Xen/o means stranger.
xenophobia ____________________________________
Ψ
symbol for psych- (the uppercase Greek letter psi)
ΨRx
psychotherapy
