ch 14 musculoskeletal system Flashcards
1
Q
.algia
A
pain
2
Q
.asthenia
A
lack of strength, weakness or debility
3
Q
.blast
A
embryonic or immature cell
4
Q
.clast
A
to break (large cells reabsorb, digest, bony tissue, bone phagocytes)
5
Q
.desis
A
to bind, tie together
6
Q
.emia
A
blood condition
7
Q
.listhesis
A
slipping
8
Q
.malacia
A
softening
9
Q
.penia
A
a decrease or deficiency
10
Q
.physis
A
to grow
11
Q
.plasty
A
Surgical repair
12
Q
.porosis
A
pore, passage
13
Q
.stenosis
A
narrowing
14
Q
.tome
A
instrument to cut
15
Q
.trophy
A
development, nourishment; growth
16
Q
PTSA
A
primary total shoulder arthroplasty
17
Q
THR/THA
A
total hip replacement / arthroplasty
18
Q
TKR/TKA
A
(TKR) total knee replacement / arthroplasty
19
Q
a-, an-
A
no; not; without
20
Q
Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint).
A
A bunion
21
Q
ab-
A
away from
22
Q
Movement away from the midline of the body. Duct/o means to lead. (away from)
A
abduction
23
Q
A walled-off area of infection that is difficult to penetrate with antibiotics. Surgical drainage usually is necessary.
A
abscess
24
Q
AC
A
acromioclavicular (joint)
25
Pertaining to the acetabulum.
acetabular
26
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
27
Hip socket; Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.
acetabulum
28
This is an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation. Dwarfism results, characterized by short limbs and a normal-sized head and trunk.
achondroplasia
29
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
30
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.
acromion
31
ad-
toward
32
Movement toward the midline of the body.
adduction
33
above-knee amputation
AKA
34
amyotrophic
without nourishment to muscles
35
(Lou Gehrig disease), muscles deteriorate (paralysis occurs) as a result of degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain. Also called ALS.
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
36
ANA
antinuclear antibody—indicator of systemic lupus erythematosus
37
ankyl/o
stiff
38
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine. Bilateral sclerosis (hardening) of the sacroiliac joints is a diagnostic sign. Joint changes are similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis, and the condition can respond to corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs.
ankylosing spondylitis
39
Immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.
ankylosis
40
Detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases.
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
41
arthr/o
joint
42
Inflammation of any joint.
arthritis
43
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space. Synovial fluid is removed for analysis using a needle and syringe.
arthrocentesis
44
Bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis). This operation is performed when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected.
arthrodesis
45
Taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.
arthrography
46
Surgical repair or replacement of a joint. It can be used in conjunction with MRI and CT scan images.
arthroplasty
47
Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor.
arthroscopy
48
Incision of a joint
arthrotomy
49
articul/o
joint
50
Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints.
articular cartilage
51
Any type of joint.
articulation
52
Decrease in size of an organ or tissue.
atrophy
53
BKA
below-knee amputation
54
BMD
bone mineral density
55
Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Ex. long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).
bone
56
Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass. Areas of decreased density indicate osteopenia and osteoporosis.
DEXA or DXA. Duel-energy x-ray absorptionmetry -- a test of bone mineral density. Also called a bone densitometry
57
Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves. Examples are fissure, foramen, fossa, and sinus.
bone depression
58
Rounded end of a bone
Bone head
59
Enlarged area that extends from bones; sometimes covered in articular cartilage (examples: bone head, condyle) and sometimes serving as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments (examples: epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity).
bone process
60
Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone; also called bone scintigraphy. After a radioactive tracer is injected intravenously into the patient, a nuclear medicine technician uses a special scanning device to detect areas of increased uptake (found with tumors, infection, inflammation, stress fractures)
bone scan
61
BS
bone scan
62
Enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint).
bunion
63
burs/o
bursa
64
Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.
bursa; pl. bursae
65
Causes of this periarticular condition may be related to stress placed on the bursa or to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis. The bursa becomes inflamed and movement is limited and painful.
bursitis
66
Blood test to measure levels of a protein made by the liver. High levels indicate infection or chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
CRP: C-reactive protein test
67
cervical vertebrae
C1 to C7
68
Ca
calcium
69
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
70
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
71
one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones.
calcaneal
72
Heel bone
Calcaneus
73
calci/o
calcium
74
One of the mineral constituents of bone.
calcium
75
Spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.
cancellous bone
76
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
77
Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist. CTS is caused by compression of the median nerve
CTS: carpal tunnel syndrome
78
Wrist bones
Carpals
79
Flexible, connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.
cartilage
80
solid mold of the body part. Applied to fractures to immobilize the injured bone after a closed reduction.
cast
81
Seven backbones in the neck
cervical vertebrae
82
cervic/o
neck; cervix (neck of uterus)
83
chir/o
hand (chiropractor)
84
chondr/o
Cartilage
85
Cartilage that is attached to the ribs.
chondrocostal
86
Softening of cartilage.
chondromalacia
87
is a softening and roughening of the articular cartilaginous surface of the kneecap, resulting in pain, a grating sensation, and mechanical “catching” behind the patella with joint movement.
Chondromalacia patellae
88
Malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage. The root sarc indicates that the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue.
chondrosarcoma
89
CK
creatine kinase—enzyme elevated in muscle disease
90
Collarbone
Clavicle
91
clavicul/o
clavicle (collarbone)
92
is manipulative reduction without a surgical incision.
closed reduction
93
CMC
carpometacarpal (joint)
94
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone)
95
Tailbone
Coccyx
96
Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and skin.
collagen
97
Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.
compact bone
98
the bone is broken and a fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin.
compound (open) fracture
99
X-ray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of body tissues. CT scans identify bone abnormalities and musculoskeletal trauma.
computed tomography (CT)
100
Rounded knuckle-like process, at the end of a bone
Condyle
101
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
102
crani/o
cranium (skull)
103
Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.
cranial bones
104
Instrument to cut the skull (cranium).
craniotome
105
Incision of the skull.
craniotomy
106
Skull
Cranium
107
is the crackling sound produced when ends of bones rub each other or rub against roughened cartilage.
Crepitus
108
CRP
C-reactive protein
109
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
110
DEXA or DXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry—a test of bone mineral density
111
dia-
complete; through
112
Shaft, or midportion, of a long bone.
diaphysis
113
Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae.
disc
114
X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus.
discography
115
Displacement of a bone from its joint. _____ bones do not articulate with each other. The most common cause of ______ is trauma.
dislocation
116
DJD
degenerative joint disease—another term for osteoarthritis
117
DMARD
disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
118
DO
doctor of osteopathy
119
dorsi-
back
120
Upward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.
dorsiflexion
121
DTRs
deep tendon reflexes
122
Onset of muscle weakness occurs soon after birth, and diagnosis can be made by muscle biopsy and electromyography. The disease predominantly affects males; muscle weakness produces stumbling, falling, lordosis, winged (prominent) scapulae, and cardiac problems.is the most common form. Muscles appear to enlarge (pseudohypertrophy) as fat replaces functional muscle cells that have degenerated and atrophied. (most common form)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
123
bone density test
duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) also called
124
DVT
deep venous thrombosis
125
Recording the electrical activity of muscle tissue.
electromyography (EMG)
126
EMG
electromyography
127
epi-
above; upon; on
128
Small rounded process above (epi- means above) the condyle
Epicondyle
129
Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.
epiphyseal plate
130
Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.
epiphysis
131
Indicates inflammation. Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube. Elevated ESR is associated with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, tumors, and infections.
ESR (sed rate): erythrocyte sedimentation rate
132
Supports nasal cavity and eye sockets
Ethmoid bone
133
Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children.
Ewing sarcoma
134
exo-
out; away from
135
Bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone.
exostosis
136
Straightening of a flexed limb; increasing the angle between the bones of a joint.
extension
137
Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.
facial bones
138
fasci/o
fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)
139
Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles.
fascia
140
Fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles.
fasciotomy
141
Pertaining to the femur
femoral
142
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
143
Thigh bone
Femur
144
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
145
Chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees. Fatigue is a common complaint. Cause is not completely understood.
fibromyalgia
146
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
147
Smaller of the two lower leg bones
Fibula
148
Pertaining to the fibula
fibular
149
Narrow groove or slit-like opening / Orbital (eye socket) fissure
Fissure
150
Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones.
flexion
151
Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.
fontanelle
152
Opening for blood vessels and nerves / Foramen magnum of the skull
Foramen
153
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
foramen magnum
154
Shallow cavity in or on a bone
Fossa
155
Traumatic breaking of a bone.
fracture
156
Forehead; part of eye sockets
Frontal bone
157
Fx
fracture
158
Fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons. Most common in the wrist, but can occur in the hand, shoulder, knee, hip, or ankle.
ganglion cyst
159
Inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals.
gouty arthritis (gout)
160
another name for a bunion
hallux valgus
161
Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.
haversian canals
162
Condition of blood in a joint.
hemarthrosis
163
Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves. This condition is commonly referred to as a “slipped disc.” Pain is experienced as the inner portion of the disc (nucleus pulposus) presses on spinal nerves or on the spinal cord.
herniation of an intervertebral disc
164
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
165
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
166
Pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone)
humeral
167
Upper arm bone
Humerus
168
Synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint.
hydrarthrosis
169
hyper-
above; excessive
170
High levels of calcium in blood.
hypercalcemia
171
Increase in uric acid in the blood.
hyperuricemia
172
Increase in size of an organ or tissue.
hypertrophy
173
ili/o
ilium (upper part of the pelvis)
174
Upper part of pelvis
Ilium
175
IM
intramuscular
176
Pertaining to below the patella (kneecap)
infrapatellar
177
infra-
below; inferior to; beneath
178
Connection of muscle to a bone that moves; usually distal on the skeleton.
insertion of a muscle
179
Pertaining to the ischium (posterior portion of the hip bone)
ischial
180
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of the pelvis)
181
Inferior or lower part of the pelvis
Ischium
182
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
183
(from Greek meaning hill or mountain) Hump on the back. Loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region. kyphosis may lead to pressure on the spinal cord or peripheral nerves
Kyphosis
184
lumbar vertebrae
L1 to L5
185
Corners of each eye
Lacrimal bones
186
One of two posterior (back) arches of a vertebra
lamina
187
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
188
An operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the lamina and spinous process and is sometimes referred to as a spinal decompression.
laminectomy
189
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs
190
Benign tumor of smooth, involuntary muscle; when in the uterus, called a fibroid.
leiomyoma
191
Fibrous, connective band binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint. Located in and around joints.
ligament
192
Pertaining to a ligament
ligamentous
193
ligament/o
ligament
194
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
195
The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated . The word ___ is derived from Greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion.
lordosis
196
lumb/o
loins, lower back
197
Lumbago
is a term used to describe low back pain.
198
Five backbones in the region of the waist.
Lumbar vertebrae
199
Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back.
lumbosacral
200
Chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick.
Lyme disease (Lyme arthritis)
201
Strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
202
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
203
The medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula.
malleolar
204
Ankle-Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.
malleolus
205
Lower jawbone
Mandible
206
Pertaining to the lower jawbone.
mandibular
207
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
208
Upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint.
manubrium
209
Rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
mastoid process
210
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
211
Upper jawbone
Maxilla (pl. maxillae)
212
pertaining to the maxilla or upper jawbone
maxillary
213
# abbreviation for:
medial collateral ligament of the knee
MCL
214
Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.
medullary cavity
215
Crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure, which helps provide cushion for a joint (such as the knee).
meniscus
216
meta-
change; beyond
217
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
218
Hand bones
Metacarpals
219
Removal of hand bones
metacarpectomy
220
Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta- means between).
metaphysis
221
Malignant tumors from other parts of the body (breast, prostate, lung, thyroid gland, and kidney) that metastasize to bones
metastatic bone lesions
222
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
223
Foot pain
metatarsalgia
224
Foot bones
Metatarsals
225
Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination to assess for abnormalities or disease.
muscle biopsy
226
Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
muscular dystrophy
227
Ultrasonic waves are used to image muscles, tendons, and joints. Often used for accuracy with joint injections and to image torn muscles and tendons.
musculoskeletal ultrasound
228
my/o
muscle
229
myalgia
Muscle pain
230
Muscles lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell.
myasthenia gravis
231
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
232
myel/o
bone marrow
233
myocardi/o
heart muscle
234
myopathy
Disease of muscles.
235
myos/o
muscle
236
myositis
Inflammation of muscles
237
Bridge and septum of nose
Nasal bones
238
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug—often prescribed to treat musculoskeletal disorders
239
OA
osteoarthritis
240
Back and base of skull
Occipital bone
241
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
242
Pertaining to the elbow (olecranon)
olecranal
243
Tip of the elbow. Large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow.
Olecranon
244
an incision is made for access to the fracture site.
open reduction
245
ORIF
open reduction (of fracture)/internal fixation
246
means open reduction/internal fixation. Often this involves insertion of metal plates, screws, rods, or pins to stabilize the bone.
ORIF
247
Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone; usually proximal on the skeleton.
origin of a muscle
248
orth/o
straight
249
orthopedics (or orthopaedics)
ortho
250
Surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting, and treating deformities and diseases in bones.
orthopedics
251
Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.
orthopedist
252
Bone tissue.
osseous tissue
253
Process of bone formation.
ossification
254
oste/o
bone
255
Osteitis deformans is better known as Paget’s disease. Bones become weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs.
osteitis
256
Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces. This condition, also known as degenerative joint disease, can occur in any joint, but occurs mainly in the spine, hips, and knees of older people. It is marked by a narrowing of the joint space (due to loss of articular cartilage).
osteoarthritis (OA)
257
Bone cell that forms bony tissue.
osteoblast
258
Malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents.
Osteoblasts multiply, forming large, bony tumors, especially at the ends of long bones (half of the lesions are located just below or just above the knee)
osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
259
are benign exostosis usually found on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates.
Osteochondromas (composed of cartilage and bone)
260
Bone cell that breaks down and absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.
osteoclast
261
Abnormal development of bone.
osteodystrophy
262
a genetic disorder involving defective bone development. Bones are brittle and fragile. It is caused by abnormal collagen production; fractures occur with the slightest trauma.
osteogenesis imperfecta
263
Malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents.
osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
264
Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children.
osteomalacia
265
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection. Bacteria enter the body through a wound and infect the bone. Children are affected most often, and infection usually occurs near the ends of long bones of legs and arms. Adults are affected too, usually as the result of an open fracture.
osteomyelitis
266
is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal. In some cases, it is a precursor to osteoporosis. In osteoporosis, the interior of bones is diminished in structure, as if the steel skeleton of a building had rusted and deteriorated. The condition commonly occurs in older women as a consequence of estrogen deficiency with menopause.
Osteopenia
267
Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
osteoporosis
268
This surgical chisel is designed to cut bone.
osteotome
269
OT
occupational therapy-- perform activities of daily living and function in work-related situations
270
P
phosphorus
271
Top and sides of skull
Parietal bones
272
patell/o
patella
273
Kneecap
Patella
274
PE
pulmonary embolism
275
Ped/o
means child
276
pelv/o
pelvis
277
Pertaining to the pelvis
pelvic
278
peri-
surrounding
279
Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.
periosteum
280
perone/o
fibula
281
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
282
Pertaining to finger and toe bones
phalangeal
283
Finger and toe bones
Phalanges
284
Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.
phosphorus
285
Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physi/o means function).
physiatrist
286
plant/o
sole of the foot
287
Downward movement of the foot; achieved through ankle motion.
plantar flexion
288
Foot pain that occurs in the joint of the big toe in gout (gouty arthritis)
podagra
289
poly-
many, much
290
Inflammation of many joints
polyarthritis
291
pain of many (several) muscles, especially in the shoulders and hips. inflammatory autoimmune disorder marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, back, or neck for longer than 1 month.
polymyalgia
292
Chronic inflammatory myopathy. This condition is marked by symmetric muscle weakness and pain, often accompanied by a rash around the eyes and on the face and limbs.
polymyositis
293
Turning the palm downward. As applied to the foot, it is inward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion.
pronation
294
PRP
platelet-rich plasma—patient’s blood is separated, and concentrated platelets and plasma are injected into arthritic joint or partially torn tendon
295
PT
physical therapy—helps patients with movement disorders regain use of muscles and joints after injury or surgery
296
PTSA
primary total shoulder arthroplasty
297
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
298
Pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis
pubic
299
Junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis. They are joined (sym- = together, -physis = to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disc.
pubic symphysis
300
Anterior part of the pelvis
Pubis
301
Fever
pyrexia
302
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
303
radi/o
radius (forearm bone—thumb side)
304
Pertaining to the radius, a bone in the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist)
radial
305
Forearm bone—thumb side
Radius
306
Soft spongy (cancellous) tissue found in the interior of flat bones, such as the hip bone and breastbone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells).
red bone marrow
307
restoration of the bone to its normal position.
reduction
308
________replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic.
replacement arthroplasty
309
(surgery with reverse prostheses) can lesson shoulder pain and improve function in shoulders after failed surgery or in combined arthritis, rotator cuff tears, and instability.
TRSA (rTSA): Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
310
RF
rheumatoid factor
311
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
312
Breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle
rhabdomyolysis
313
Benign tumor of striated, voluntary muscle (attached to bones)
rhabdomyoma
314
Malignant tumor of striated, voluntary muscle
rhabdomyosarcoma
315
rheumat/o
watery flow, referes to joint fluid
316
Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane. The small joints of the hands and feet are affected first, and larger joints later. Women are more commonly afflicted than men
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
317
Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
318
Medical doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders.
rheumatologist
319
Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.
ribs
320
Osteomalacia occurs primarily as a disease of infancy and childhood and is then known as a____. Bones fail to receive adequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus; they become soft, bend easily, and become deformed.In affected patients, vitamin D is deficient in the diet, which prevents calcium and phosphorus from being absorbed into the bloodstream from the intestines.
rickets
321
ROM
range of motion
322
Circular movement around an axis (central point). Internal rotation is toward the center of the body and external rotation is away from the center of the body.
rotation
323
RTSA (rTSA)
reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
324
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
325
Bones of the sacrum (lower back below the lumbar region)
sacral vertebrae
326
Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging. Exercise and strength training can help preserve and enhance muscle mass.
sarcopenia
327
SC
sternoclavicular joint
328
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
329
Shoulder blade
Scapula
330
Pertaining to the shoulder blade
scapular
331
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
332
The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side.
scoliosis
333
Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.
sella turcica
334
Measurement of calcium level in serum. Hypercalcemia may be caused by parathyroid gland disorders and malignancy that affects bone metabolism. Hypocalcemia is seen in critically ill patients with burns, sepsis, and acute renal failure.
serum calcium (Ca)
335
Measurement of creatine kinase in serum. This enzyme is present in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Increased levels occur in muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, rhabdomyolysis, and traumatic injuries.
serum creatine kinase (CK)
336
the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin.
simple (closed) fracture
337
Hollow air cavity within a bone.
sinus
338
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
339
Base of skull and behind eyes (bat-shaped bone)
Sphenoid bone
340
Narrowing of the spinal (neural) canal often in the lumbar spine.
spinal stenosis
341
spondyl/o
vertebra, (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
342
The forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra.
spondylolishesis
343
Degeneration of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement.
spondylosis
344
Injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of the ligaments around a joint. Application of gentle compressive wraps is an immediate measure to relieve pain and minimize swelling. Ice and elevation of the extremity as well as physical therapy are also helpful HINT: Don’t confuse a sprain with a strain, which is an injury involving the overstretching of muscle.
sprain
345
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
346
Breastbone
Sternum
347
Muscle injury involving overstretching of muscle
strain
348
Muscle connected to bones; voluntary or skeletal muscle.
striated muscle
349
Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.
styloid process
350
sub-
under; below
351
Pertaining to under the ribs
subcostal
352
Partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal position; often a misalignment of vertebrae
subluxation
353
Turning the palm upward. As applied to the foot, it is outward roll of the foot/ankle during normal motion.
supination
354
supra-
above, upper
355
Pertaining to above the clavicle (collarbone)
supraclavicular
356
Immovable joint between bones, such as between the bones of the skull (cranium)
suture
357
Immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skulln(cranium)
suture joint
358
Sx
surgery
359
sym-
together; with
360
synov/o
synovial membrane
361
Space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane.
synovial cavity
362
Viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity. similar in viscosity to egg white
synovial fluid
363
Freely movable joint.
synovial joint
364
Tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid.
synovial membrane
365
Inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint
synovitis
366
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (CNS), heart, and lungs. This condition affects connective tissue (specifically the protein component called collagen) in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage all over the body. Typically, there is a red, scaly rash over the nose and cheeks (“butterfly” rash)
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
367
thoracic vertebrae
T1 to T12
368
Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus). ____ (Latin talus = ankle, pes = foot) is a congenital anomaly. The most common form is ___ equinovarus (equin/o = horse), or clubfoot. The infant cannot stand with the sole of the foot flat on the ground.
talipes
369
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the mid and hindfoot)
370
Hindfoot and midfoot bones
Tarsals
371
Removal of an anklebone.
tarsectomy
372
Lower sides and back of skull
Temporal bones
373
Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.
temporomandibular joint
374
ten/o
tendon
375
tendin/o
tendon
376
Abnormal condition of tendons
tendinosis
377
Fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones.
tendon
378
Suture of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
379
Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering.
tenosynovitis
380
thorac/o
chest
381
Twelve backbones in the region of the chest
thoracic vertebrae
382
THR/THA
total hip replacement/arthroplasty
383
tibi/o
tibia (shinbone)
384
Shinbone—larger of the two lower leg bones
Tibia
385
Pertaining to the larger of the two lower leg bones
tibial
386
TKR/TKA
total knee replacement/arthroplasty
387
TMJ
temporomandibular joint
388
Supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.
trabeculae
389
Large and small processes for tendon attachments on the femur
Trochanters
390
TSR
total shoulder replacement
391
Round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on the humerus, calcaneous (heel bone), and pelvis
Tuberosity (tubercle)
392
U/S
ultrasound
393
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone—little finger side)
394
Forearm bone—little finger side
Ulna
395
Pertaining to the ulna
ulnar
396
Measurement of uric acid in serum. High levels are associated with gouty arthritis.
uric acid test
397
vertebr/o
vetebra (backbone)
398
Backbone/spine. Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord.
vertebra; pl. vertebrae
399
Percutaneous vertebroplasty relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.
vertebroplasty
400
Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle.
visceral muscle
401
Nasal septum (thin, flat bone)
Vomer
402
Lower, narrower portion of the sternum.
xiphoid process
403
Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.
yellow bone marrow
404
Cheekbones
Zygomatic bones
405
great toe
hallux
406
condition of the angulation away from midline of the toe
valgus
