Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards by Heather Murray

-algesia

sensitivity to pain

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-algia

pain

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-blast

embryonic; immature cell

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-cele

hernia

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-esthesia

feeling (nervous sensation)

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-gram

record

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-graphy

process of recording

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-ine

substance

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-itis

inflammation

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-kinesia, -kinesis

movement

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-lepsy

seizure

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-oma

tumor; mass; fluid collection

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-ose

full of; pertaining to; sugar

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-paresis

weakness

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-pathy

disease; emotion

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-phagia

condition of eating; swallowing

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-phasia

speech

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-plegia

paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

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-praxia

action

(think act with a purpose or purousful action)

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-ptosis

falling; drooping; prolapse

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-sclerosis

hardening

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-sthenia

strength

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-tomy

process of cutting

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-trophy

nourishment; development (condition of)

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½P

hemiparesis

a-, an-

no; not; without

Form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings.

absence seizure

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells.

acetylcholine

`A`lzheimer `d`isease

Carries messages `toward` the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerves). `Afferent` comes from af- (a form of ad-, meaning toward) and -ferent (meaning carrying).

afferent nerves

AFP

`a`lpha-`f`eto`p`rotein; elevated levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with congenital malformations of the nervous system, such as anencephaly and spina bifida

Pertaining to loss or absence of voluntary movement.

`a`kinet`ic`

alges/o, -algesia

sensitivity to pain

ALS

`a`myotrophic `l`ateral `s`clerosis—Lou Gehrig disease

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning.

Alzheimer disease (AD) (Alzheimer's)

Type of Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulants used to treat hyperkinesia in children.

Amphetamines

a protein in neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and blood vessels.

amyloid

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to progressive muscular paralysis; Lou Gehrig disease.

`a`myotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Absence of sensitivity to pain. (no - `sensitivity` to pain)

analgesia

Congenital condition of partial or complete `absence` of `brain` matter *(No brain)*

`an`encephaly

`Absence` of nervous `feeling` or sensation. (e.g., absence of sense of touch or pain). *(no feeling; nervous sensation)*

anesthesia

a physician who administers anesthesia.

anesthesiologist

agents (drugs) that reduce or `eliminate` `sensation`. General and local.

Anesthetics

Enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and cerebrovascular accidet (CVA = stroke).

aneurysm

angi/o

vessel (blood)

Difficulty with speech. Inability to speak; language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex.

`a`pha`s`ia

Movements and behavior are not purposeful. A patient with motor ____ cannot use an object or perform a task. Motor weakness is not the cause.

apraxia

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord. The Greek arachne means spider.

arachnoid membrane

abnormal blood `vessel` masses

arteriovenous malformations

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries in the central nervous system. *(water and salt crystals look like stars, astronomy)*

astrocyte

Malignant brain tumor of astrocytes (glial brain cells).

astrocytoma

Without coordination. Condition of decreased coordination. Persistent unsteadiness on the feet. *(need to be coordinated to drive a taxi in NY)*

ataxia

Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure.

aura

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.

autonomic nervous system

AVM

`a`rterio`v`enous `m`alformation; congenital tangle of arteries and veins in the cerebrum

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell.

axon

BBB

`b`lood-`b`rain `b`arrier

Unilateral paralysis of the face caused by a disorder of the facial nerve.

Bell palsy (or Bell’s palsy)

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells. Blood vessels that let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out.

blood-brain barrier

Slow movement

`brady`kinesia

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges; may be benign or malignant growth.

brain tumor

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

brainstem

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.

cauda equina

caus/o

burning

Intense burning pain, often resulting from injury to a peripheral nerve.

causalgia

Part of the nerve cell (neuron) that contains the nucleus.

cell body

Brain and spinal cord.

central nervous system (CNS)

cephal/o

head

Head pain; headache.

cephalgia

cerebell/o

cerebellum

Pertaining to the cerebellum.

cerebellar

Pertaining to the cerebellum and pons. The suffix -ine means pertaining to.

cerebellopontine

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

cerebellum

cerebr/o

cerebrum

X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material.

cerebral angiography

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head.

cerebral concussion

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head.

cerebral contusion

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.

cerebral cortex

Bursting of an artery in the brain.

cerebral hemorrhage

is the result of `impaired oxygen `supply `to the brain.` There are three types of strokes [thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic]

cerebral infarction (stroke)

Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination due to decreased oxygen to a fetus during pregnancy or to the infant shortly after birth.

Cerebral palsy

Clear, watery fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Samples of cerebrospinal fluid are examined for blood cells, protein, glucose, tumor cells, bacteria, and other substances.

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

cerebrum

CGRP

`c`alcitonin `g`ene-`r`elated `p`eptide; protein that is related to migraine pain

CNS

`c`entral `n`ervous `s`ystem

State of unconsciousness from which a patient cannot be aroused.

coma

comat/o

deep sleep (coma)

Pertaining to a coma.

comatose

provide images that pinpoint the location of abnormal `metabolic` activity within the brain.

Combined PET-CT scanners

The most common type of seizure. Complex means impaired consciousness and partial indicates not generalized. Commonly these patients have seizures that cause them to pause in whatever they are doing, become confused, and have memory problems.

complex partial seizure

Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple cross-sectional x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord with or without contrast material.

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

buildup of excessive CSF in the brain at birth.

Congenital hydrocephalus

pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ.

Cortical

crani/o

skull

Nerves that carry messages to and from the brain; there are 12 pairs of ____ nerves.

cranial nerves

cry/o

cold

CSF

`c`erebro`s`pinal `f`luid

CTE

`c`hronic `t`raumatic `e`ncephalopathy

CVA

`c`erebro`v`ascular `a`ccident

a robotic device that uses stereotactic body radiation therapy (`SBRT`) to deliver a single high-energy photon beam directly to a target area in the brain.

CyberKnife system

Mental decline and deterioration.

dementia

Destruction of myelin on axons of nerve cells (as in multiple sclerosis). Loss of myelin insulation prevents the conduction of nerve impulses through the axon.

demyelination

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.

dendrite

CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease.

dopamine

Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow using sound waves to detect the blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.

Doppler ultrasound studies

dur/o

dura mater

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Latin for “hard mother.”

dura mater

dys-

abnormal, bad, difficult, painful

Condition marked by involuntary, spasmodic `movements`. Impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements.

dyskinesia

This is a developmental reading disorder occurring when the brain does not properly recognize, process, and interpret language.

dyslexia

EEG

`e`lectro`e`ncephalo`g`raphy

Carries messages `away` from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve. `Efferent` comes from ef- (meaning away from) and -ferent (meaning to carry).

efferent nerve

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain.

electroencephalography (`EEG`)

—an embolus (a dislodged thrombus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a vessel. This type of stroke occurs very suddenly.

Embolic stroke

Clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel.

embolus

encephal/o

brain

Inflammation of the brain.

encephalitis

A progressive degenerative disease associated with repetitive brain trauma (concussion). Chronic traumatic ____ (`CTE`)

encephalopathy

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.

ependymal cell

a type of brain or spinal cord tumor that originates from ependymal cells, which line the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) in the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

ependymoma

epi-

above; upon; on

Collection of blood located `above` the `dura` mater.

epidural hematoma

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.

epilepsy

esthesi/o, -esthesia

feeling, nervous sensation

GABA

`g`amma-`a`mino`b`utyric `a`cid (neurotransmitter)

Manner of walking.

gait

Using multiple high-energy radiation beams to treat deep and often inaccessible intracranial brain tumors and abnormal blood vessel masses (arteriovenous malformations) without surgical incision.

Gamma Knife

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

ganglion (plural: ganglia)

gli/o

glial cells

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes. ____ cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons.

glial cell (neuroglial cell)

the most malignant form of astrocytoma

glioblastoma multiforme

Highly malignant brain tumor of `immature glial` cells.

glioblastoma

Brain tumors that arise from glial cells

glioma

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.

gyrus (plural: gyri)

hemi-

half

Slight paralysis that effects either right or left side (half) of the body.

hemiparesis

Paralysis of the right or left half of the body. Results from a stroke or other brain injury.

hemiplegia

—a cerebral artery breaks and bleeding occurs. This type of stroke can be fatal and results from advancing age, atherosclerosis, or high blood pressure, all of which result in degeneration of cerebral blood vessels.

Hemorrhagic stroke

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves; chicken pox virus or its reactivation (shingles).

herpes zoster (shingles)

`Disease` of the `brain` (dementia) caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus` (HIV).`

HIV encephalopathy

also known as Huntington's disease. A progressive, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain. It is characterized by involuntary, jerky movements (`chorea`), as well as cognitive and behavioral changes.

Huntington chorea

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum, leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration.

Huntington disease (Huntington’s)

hydr/o

water

Abnormal acumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain

hydrocephalus

Diminished sensation to pain. *Notice that the o in hypo- is dropped. * Hyperalgesia is increased sensitivity to pain.

hypalgesia

hyper-

above; excessive

Excessive sensitivity or feeling, especially of the skin in response to touch or pain. Diminished sensitivity to pain is called hypesthesia.

hyperesthesia

Excessive movement.

hyperkinesis

hypo-

deficient; below; under; less than normal

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.

hypothalamus

ICP

`i`ntra`c`ranial `p`ressure *(normal pressure is 5 to 15 mm Hg)*

Pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure.

ictal event

intra-

within; into

Chemicals, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, can be delivered into the subarachnoid space.

intrathecal injection

Complete unresponsitivity, no spontaneous breathing or movement, and a flat electrocencephalogram (EEG). brain death

irreversible coma

kines/o, kinesi/o -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic

movement

lept/o

thin, slender

Pertaining to the pia and arachnoid membranes.

leptomeningeal

Inflammation of the two thinner membranes (arachnoid and pia mater) surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

leptomeningitis

lex/o

word, phrase

`l`umbar `p`uncture

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis; spinal tap

lumbar puncture (LP)

MAC

`m`onitored `a`nesthetic `c`are

produces images of blood vessels using magnetic resonance techniques.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Lower part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here.

medulla oblongata

mening/o, meningi/o

membranes, meninges

Pertaining to the meninges.

meningeal

Three protective membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord.

meninges

Slow-growning tumor (benign) of the meninges.

meningioma

Inflammation of the meninges.

meningitis

Hernia of the meninges through a defect or space between vertebrae; a form of spina bifida.

meningocele (myelomeningocele)

`m`yasthenia `g`ravis

micro-

small

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system. *baby glial cell with a big appatite*

microglial cell

Uppermost portion of the brainstem.

midbrain

Severe headache, often unilateral, and sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

migraine

refers to `damage or dysfunction` of a `single` peripheral `nerve`, potentially causing pain, loss of movement, or numbness in the area served by that nerve.

mononeuropathies *(think one nerve disease)*

____ ____is present when patients know what they want to say but cannot say it.

Motor aphasia aka- Broca or expressive aphasia

Carries messages `away` from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; aka `efferent` nerve.

motor nerve

MRA

`m`agnetic `r`esonance `a`ngiography

MRI

`m`agnetic `r`esonance `i`maging

`m`ultiple `s`clerosis

Chronic neurologic disorder marked by destruction of the myelin sheath on axons in the CNS and is replaced by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

multiple sclerosis (MS)

my/o

muscle

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell.

myasthenia gravis (MG)

myel/o

spinal cord or bone marrow

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.

myelin sheath

Congenital hernia (protrusion) of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect (gap) in the vertebral column. This defect is associated with spina bifida. Neural tube defect where both the spinal cord and meninges protrude.

myelomeningocele (meningomyelocele)

Disease of the spinal cord.

myelopathy

Pertaining to muscle and nerve.

myoneural

narc/o

numbness; stupor; sleep

Sudden, uncontrollable compulsion to sleep (narc/o = stupor, sleep). Amphetamines and stimulant drugs are prescribed to prevent attacks.

narcolepsy

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses.

nerve

neur/o

nerve

Nerve pain

neuralgia

Lack of strength in nerves; a feeling of weakness and exhaustion. Nervous exhaustion and fatigue, often following depression. *(nerve no strength)*

neurasthenia

bundles of fibrils in the cytoplasm of a neuron in the cerebral cortex.

neurofibrillary tangles

Glial cells; supporting and connective cells of the nervous system.

neuroglial cells

Nerve cell. Necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system; parenchyma of the nervous system.

neuron

Disease of nerves; primarily in the peripheral nervous system.

neuropathy

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell. Ex... acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.

neurotransmitter

another type of hydrocephalus, occurring primarily in older adults.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Blockage or obstruction

occlusion

olig/o

scanty

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte.

oligodendroglial cell

A type of brain tumor that originates from glial cells called oligodendrocytes. These cells produce myelin, a protective sheath that insulates nerve fibers and facilitates nerve conduction.

oligodendroglioma

Relieving symptoms but not curing them.

palliative

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function).

palsy

para-

near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along the side of

Originally, the term paraplegia meant a stroke (paralysis) on one side (para-). Now, however, the term means paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

paraplegia

Involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

parasympathetic nerves

Essential functioning cells of any organ. The ____ of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses.

parenchyma

Partial paralysis or weakness of muscles; Slight paralysis.

paresis

Abnormal nervous sensation occurring without apparent cause. Ex...tingling, burning, numbness or prickling sensations (pins and needles). Par- (from para-) means abnormal.

paresthesia

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

Parkinson disease (Parkinson’s)

PCA

`p`atient-`c`ontrolled `a`nalgesia

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.

peripheral nervous system

PET

`p`ositron `e`mission `t`omography

also known as absence seizures, are a type of generalized epilepsy characterized by brief, staring episodes.

petit mal seizures

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.

pia mater

Large, interlacing network of nerves outside of the central nervous system. Ex... lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial (brachi/o means arm) ____. *The term originated from the Indo-European plek, meaning to weave together.*

plexus (plural: plexuses)

PNS

`p`eripheral `n`ervous `s`ystem

polio-

gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

`Inflammation` of the `gray matter` of the `spinal cord.`

poliomyelitis

poly-

many; much; increased

Inflammation of many nerves.

polyneuritis

Disorders affecting multiple peripheral nerves, causing a range of symptoms like numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness, often starting in the feet and hands.

Polyneuropathies

Part of the brainstem anterior to the cerebellum, between the medulla and the rest of the brain. The ____ connects the upper and lower portions of the brain. In Latin, ____ means bridge.

pons

pont/o

pons (a part of the brain)

Radioactive `glucose` is injected and then detected in tissues of the body to `image` the `metabolic` activity of cells; PET scan.

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

After seizures, there may be neurologic symptoms, such as weakness, called-

postictal events

delivers a uniform dose of proton radiation to a target and spares surrounding normal tissue.

Proton stereotactic radiosurgery (`PSRS`)

PSRS

`p`roton `s`tereotactic `r`adio`s`urgery

py/o

pus

pyel/o

renal pelvis of the kidney

quadri-

four

Paralysis of all four limbs; both arms and both legs. Quadri- means four. All four extremities are affected.

quadriplegia

radicul/o

nerve root (of spinal nerves)

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root. This condition often results in pain and loss of function.

radiculitis

Disease of a spinal nerve root.

radiculopathy

Organ that receives and transmits a stimulus to sensory nerves. Ex.. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are ____'s.

receptor

SBRT

`s`tereotactic `b`ody `r`adiation `t`herapy

Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot.

sciatic nerve

Pain or inflammation along the course of the sciatic nerve.

sciatica

is an unresponsiveness from which a patient can be aroused.

Semicomatose

result from degeneration of neurons

senile plaques

Patients have difficulty understanding language and may pronounce (articulate) words easily but use them inappropriately.

sensory aphasia

Carries messages `toward` the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; `afferent` `nerve`.

sensory nerve

Viral (herpes zoster) illness that affects peripheral nerves; produces blisters and pain on the skin overlying the path of peripheral nerves.

shingles

spin/o

spine (backbone)

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

spina bifida

a more sever form of spina bifida, with cyst-like protursions

Spina bifida cystica

the vertebral defect is covered over with skin and evident onluy on x-ray or other imaging examination.

spina bifida occulta

Pairs of nerves, arising one on each side of the spinal column. They transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.

spinal nerves

SRS

`s`tereotactic `r`adiotherapy

Single large dose of radiation delivered under stereotactic (highly precise) guidance to destroy a vascular abnormality or treat small brain tumors. Examples are Cyber Knife system and GammaKnife.

stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)

Agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response. It may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.

stimulus (plural: stimuli)

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain.

stroma

sub-

under; below

Collection of `blood` in the space `below` the `dura` mater surrounding the brain.

subdural hematoma

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.

sulcus (plural: sulci)

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress; heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure are affected.

sympathetic nerves

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

synapse

syncop/o

to cut off, cut short

Pertaining to syncope (fainting).

syncopal

Fainting; temporary loss of consciousness.

syncope

seizure

chronic movement disorder that may develop in people who receive certain antipsychotic drugs for extended periods.

Tardive (occurring late) dyskinesia

tax/o

order, coordination

TBI

`t`raumatic `b`rain `i`njury

seizures begin in the temporal lobe (on each side of the brain near the ears) of the brain.

temporal lobe epilepsy

TENS

`t`ranscutaneous `e`lectrical `n`erve `s`timulation; technique using a battery-powered device to relieve acute and chronic pain

thalam/o

thalamus

Pertaining to the thalamus.

thalamic

Main relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the ____ on their way to the cerebral cortex.

thalamus

thec/o

sheath (refers to the meninges)

—blood clot (thrombus) in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel.

Thrombotic stroke

Abnormal clot formation in a blood vessel; a blood clot.

thrombus

Removal of the thymus gland (a lymphocyte-producing gland in the chest); used as treatment for myasthenia gravis.

thymectomy

TIA

`t`ransient `i`schemic `a`ttack; temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain

Involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face; characteristic of Tourette syndrome.

tic

Thrombotic strokes are treated with antiplatelet or anticoagulant (clot-dissolving) therapy.

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

TLE

`t`emporal `l`obe `e`pilepsy

are characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contractions (twitching and jerking movements of the limbs).

Tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal or ictal events)

Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

Tourette syndrome (Tourette’s)

tPA

`t`issue `p`lasminogen `a`ctivator; a clot-dissolving drug used as therapy for stroke

Fleeting episode of ischemia (holding back blood) in the brain; TIA. Short episodes of neurologic dysfunction by gradual occlusion of blood vessels.

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).

Flashes of stab-like pain along the `trigeminal nerve` (`fifth` cranial nerve). The ____ nerve has branches to the eye, upper jaw, and lower jaw.

Trigeminal neuralgia

troph/o

nourishment; development

vag/o

vagus nerve (`10th cranial nerve`)

Pertaining to the vagus nerve. This cranial nerve has branches to the head and neck, as well as to the chest.

vagal

`Tenth cranial nerve` with branches to the chest and abdominal organs.

vagus nerve

Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

ventricles of the brain