Chapter 20: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Flashcards
-gram
record
-graphy
process of recording
-lucent
to shine
-opaque
obscure
Meaning of the abbreviation:
18F-FDG
fluorodeoxyglucose—radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning; 18F-FDG
What is the abbreviation for:
fluorodeoxyglucose—radiopharmaceutical used in PET scanning
18F-FDG
3 types of radioactive particles
alpha particles, beta particles, gamma ray
Movement away from the midline of the body.
abduction
Movement toward the midline of the body.
adduction
What does this abbriviation stand for?
Angio
angiography
What is the abbreviation for:
angiography
Angio
X-ray record of blood vessels.
angiogram
In this AP x-ray view, x-rays travel from an anteriorly placed source to a posteriorly placed detector (x-ray beam passes from the front to the back of the body).
anteroposterior (AP) view
AP
anteroposterior
What is the abbreviation for:
anteroposterior
AP
Ba
barium
What is the abbreviation for:
barium
Ba
BE
barium enema. Study is a lower GI series that opacifies the lumen (passageway) of the large intestine using an enema containing barium sulfate. This test has largely been replaced by endoscopy, which allows visualization of the inside of the bowel.
What is the abbreviation for:
barium enema. Study is a lower GI series that opacifies the lumen (passageway) of the large intestine using an enema containing barium sulfate. This test has largely been replaced by endoscopy, which allows visualization of the inside of the bowel.
BE
Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone.
bone scan
C-spine
cervical spine
What is the abbreviation for:
cervical spine
C-spine
X-ray recording of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts.
(6 syllables)
cholangiography
Diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-sectional image of a specific body segment is produced.
Computed Tomography (CT)
Radiopaque materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast between tissues that would be indistinguishable from one another.
contrast studies
CT
Computed Tomography
What is the abbreviation for:
computed tomography
CT
CXR
chest x-ray
What is the abbreviation for:
chest x-ray
CXR
Decub
decubitus—lying down
What is the abbreviation for:
decubitus–lying down
Decub
Lying down;
a lateral ____ position is lying down on one’s side.
decubitus
DI
diagnostic imaging
What is the abbreviation for:
diagnostic imaging
DI
DICOM
digital image communication in medicine—standard protocol for storage and transmission of images between imaging devices
What is the abbreviation for:
digital image communication in medicine—standard protocol for storage and transmission of images between imaging devices
DICOM
a form of x-ray imaging in which digital x-ray detectors are used instead of traditional photographic film. Thus images can be enhanced and transferred easily, and less radiation can be used than in conventional radiography.
digital radiography
DSA
digital subtraction angiography.
X-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels
It is produced by taking two x-ray pictures (the first without contrast) and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image.
What is the abbreviation for:
digital subtraction angiography. X-ray image of contrast-injected blood vessels is produced by taking two x-ray pictures (the first without contrast) and using a computer to subtract obscuring shadows from the second image.
DSA
EBUS
endobronchial ultrasound
What is the abbreviation for:
endobronchial ultrasound
EBUS
EBUS-TBNA
endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
What is the abbreviation for:
endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
EBUS-
TBNA
ECHO
echocardiography
What is the abbreviation for:
echocardiography
ECHO
Prefix
echo-
a repeated sound
Sound waves are used to image the structure of the heart.
echocardiography
What does ____ stand for?
ETT-MIBI scan
exercise tolerance test combined with the radiopharmaceutical Tc-99m sestimibi
What is the abbreviation for:
exercise tolerance test combined with Tc-99m sestimibi
ETT-MIBI scan
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
What is the abbreviation for:
endoscopic ultrasonography
EUS
Turning outward
eversion
Increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb.
extension
workers eposed to x-rays must wear a ____ ____. It detects and records the amount of radiation they have been exposed to
film badge
Decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb.
flexion
Process of using x-rays to produce an realtime image on a fluorescent screen.
fluoroscopy
What does this abbreviation mean?
fMRI
functional MRI
measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
What is the abbreviation for:
functional MRI
fMRI
Machine to detect gamma rays emitted from radiopharmaceuticals during scanning for diagnostic purposes.
gamma camera
High-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances used in tracer studies.
gamma rays
Gd
gadolinium—MRI contrast agent
What is the abbreviation for:
gadolinium—MRI contrast agent
Gd
Time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration.
half-life
X-ray imaging record of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysterosalpingogram
Ultrasound imaging of the uterus.
hysterosonogram
I-123
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in thyroid scans
What is the abbreviation for:
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in thyroid scans
I-123
Abbreviation meaning for:
I-131
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in diagnosis (thyroid scan) and treatment for thyroid cancer
What is the abbreviation for:
isotope of radioactive iodine—used in diagnosis (thyroid scan) and treatment for thyroid cancer
I-131
Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism, often in a test tube.
invitro
In vitro means “in glass” and refers to experiments performed outside of a living organism.
Process, test, or procedure is performed, measured, or observed within a living organism.
invivo
in vivo means “within the living” and refers to experiments performed within a living organism.
Therapeutic or diagnostic procedures performed by a radiologist. Examples are needle biopsy of a mass and drainage of an abscess, typically under the guidance of CT, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy.
interventional radiology
Turning inward
inversion
combining form:
ion/o
ion; to wander
Transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles. X-rays cause ____ of particles within tissues.
ionization
combining form:
is/o
same
Abbreviation meaning for:
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
A pyelogram is an imaging exam that may be used to help diagnose urinary tract disorders.
pyel/o means renal pelvis.
What is the abbreviation for:
intravenous pyelogram
IVP
Abbreviation meaning for:
KUB
kidneys-ureters-bladder—x-ray imaging without contrast
What is the abbreviation for:
kidneys-ureters-bladder—x-ray imaging without contrast
KUB
L-spine
lumbar spine
What is the abbreviation for:
Lumbar spine
L-spine
LAT
lateral
What is the abbreviation for:
Lateral
LAT
LS films
lumbosacral (spine) films
What is the abbreviation for:
lumbosacral (spine) films
LS films
Nuclear medicine imaging that provides pictures (scintigrams) of the lymphatic system.
lymphoscintigraphy
Magnetic field and radio waves produce sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
uses low-dose x-rays to visualize breast tissue
mammography
Abbreviation meaning for:
MDCT
multidetector CT scanner
What is the abbreviation for:
multidetector CT scanner
MDCT
Abbreviation meaning for:
MR, MRI
magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging
What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging
MR, MRI
Abbreviation meaning for:
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography
What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance angiography
MRA
Abbreviation meaning for:
MRV
magnetic resonance venography
What is the abbreviation for:
magnetic resonance venography
MRV
Abbreviation meaning for:
MUGA
multiple-gated acquisition (scan)—radioactive scan that evaluates heart function and blood flow
What is the abbreviation for:
multiple-gated acquisition (scan)—radioactive of heart function
MUGA
combining form:
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
X-ray imaging of the spinal cord (myel/o) after injection of contrast agent into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord. It usually is performed in patients who cannot undergo MRI
myelography
Medical specialty that uses radioactive substances (radionuclides) in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
nuclear medicine
physician that specializes in diagnostic radionuclide scanning procedures.
nuclear medicine physician
Positioned at an angle; an x-ray view.
oblique view
Abbreviation meaning for:
PA
posteroanterior
What is the abbreviation for:
posteroanterior
PA
Abbreviation meaning for:
PACS
picture archival and communications system—provides storage and access for images from multiple modalities.
Replacement of traditional films with digital equivalent
What is the abbreviation for:
picture archival and communications system—provides storage and access for images from multiple modalities.
Replacement of traditional films with digital equivalent
PACS
Abbreviation meaning for:
PET
positron emission tomography
uses positron emitting radioisotope (tracer)
F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
gives better contrast and spatial resolution (cf. SPECT)
What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography
PET
Abbreviation meaning for:
PET-CT
positron emission tomography–computed tomography—performed using a single machine
What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography–computed tomography—performed using a single machine
PET-CT
Abbreviation meaning for:
PET-MRI
positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging
What is the abbreviation for:
positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging
PET-MRI
pharmaceut/o
drug
scan using positron-emitting radioactive substances given intravenously to create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism based on local concentration of the radioactive substance. ____scans give information about metabolic activity.
positron emission tomography (PET)
In this position, x-ray beams pass from the back to the front of the body.
posteroanterior (PA) view
Lying on the belly (face down, palms down).
prone
X-ray record of the kidneys (renal pelvis) and urinary tract after contrast is injected (intravenously or retrograde).
pyelogram
combining form:
radi/o
x-rays; radioactive
One who assists a radiologist in performing diagnostic x-ray procedures.
radiographer
Test combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient’s blood.
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Radioactive form of an element substance; also called a radionuclide.
radioisotope
Radiopharmaceutical; used in nuclear medicine studies.
radiolabeled compound
a physician who specializes in the practice of diagnostic radiology.
radiologist
Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in the diagnosis of disease. It includes other forms of energy, such as ultrasound and magnetic waves. Also called diagnostic radiology.
radiology
indicating that x-rays pass through easily, areas on x-ray images appear dark or black.
radiolucent
material that emit high-speed particles and energy-containig rays from the interior of the matter. The emitted particles and rays are called radioactivity. Radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation; also called a radioisotope.
radionuclide
indicating that x-rays do not penetrate areas on x-ray images appear white/light.
radiopaque
Radioactive drug (radionuclide plus chemical) that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes; a radiotracer. An example is technetium-99m, which combines with albumin (for lung perfusion) and DTPA (for renal imaging). Also called radiolabeled compound.
radiopharmaceutical
Abbreviation meaning for:
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake (test)—tests thyroid gland function
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
What is the abbreviation for:
radioactive iodine uptake (test)—tests thyroid gland function
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
RAIU
Lying down (prone or supine).
recumbent
Abbreviation meaning for:
RFA
radiofrequency ablation
What is the abbreviation for:
radiofrequency ablation
RFA
Abbreviation meaning for:
SBFT
small bowel follow-through. Series traces the passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through the small intestine.
What is the abbreviation for:
small bowel follow-through. Series traces the passage of barium in a sequential manner as it moves through the small intestine.
SBFT
Image of an area, organ, or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasonography, radioactive tracer studies, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging.
scan
Diagnostic nuclear medicine test using radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create 2D images.
the process of obtaining an image using a radioisotope. The term is derived from Latin scintilla, meaning spark. Bone ____ is commonly called a bone scan, and lung ____ is commonly called a lung scan.
scintigraphy
Radioactive tracer is injected intravenously and a computer reconstructs a 3D image based on a composite of many views.
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
combining form:
son/o
sound
Image of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the body; echogram or ultrasound image.
sonogram
Abbreviation meaning for:
SPECT
single photon emission computed tomography—radioactive substances and a computer create 3D images
uses gamma emitting radioisotope (tracer): like technetium-99m, iodine-123 and, iodine-131
What is the abbreviation for:
single photon emission computed tomography—radioactive substances and a computer create 3D images
uses gamma emitting radioisotope (tracer): like technetium-99m, iodine-123 and, iodine-131
SPECT
Lying on the back (face up, palms up).
supine
Abbreviation meaning for:
T-spine
thoracic spine
What is the abbreviation for:
Thoracic spine
T-spine
Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body.
tagging
Abbreviation meaning for:
Tc-99m
radioactive technetium—
common medical isotope used in heart, brain, thyroid, liver, bone, and lung scans
a pure gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. Its properties make it the most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic imaging.
What is the abbreviation for:
radioactive technetium—common medical isotope used in heart, brain, thyroid, liver, bone, and lung scans
a pure gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours. Its properties make it the most frequently used radionuclide in diagnostic imaging.
Tc-99m
Technetium Tc99m sestamibi injected intravenously is taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning.
technetium Tc99m sestamibi scan
Thallium 201 is injected intravenously to allow for myocardial perfusion and assess damage to heart muscle from heart attacks.
thallium scan
combining form:
therapeut/o
treatment
Pertaining to treatment or therapy.
therapeutic
Administration of a radioactive compound and visualization of the thyroid gland with a scanning device.
thyroid scan
Abbreviation meaning for:
Tl-201
thallium-201—radioisotope used in scanning heart muscle
What is the abbreviation for:
thallium-201—radioisotope used in scanning heart muscle
Tl-201
combining form:
Tom/o
to cut, as in viewing in slices.
combining form:
Top/o
means place
Radionuclides are used as tags, or labels, attached to chemicals and followed as they travel through the body.
tracer studies
An instrument used in ultrasonography covered with a thin coating of gel to get good transmission of sound waves.
transducer/probe
Abbreviation meaning for:
UGI
upper gastrointestinal (series) involves oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized.
What is the abbreviation for:
upper gastrointestinal (series) involves oral ingestion of barium sulfate so that the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum can be visualized.
UGI
Prefix:
ultra-
beyond
Diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the body.
ultrasonography (US, U/S)
Handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals.
ultrasound transducer
Rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue.
uptake
Taking x-ray images of the urinary tract after injecting contrast.
urography
Abbreviation meaning for:
US, U/S
ultrasound; ultrasonography
What is the abbreviation for:
ultrasound; ultrasonography
US, U/S
Abbreviation meaning for:
V/Q scan
ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs
(Q stands for rate of blood flow or blood volume)
What is the abbreviation for:
ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs (Q stands for rate of blood flow or blood volume)
V/Q scan
Consists of two scans: a ventilation scan performed using an inhaled radiopharmaceutical and a perfusion scan using an intravenously injected radiopharmaceutical. Used to evaluate for pulmonary embolism.
ventilation-perfusion study (V/Q scan)
combining form:
vitr/o
glass
combining form:
viv/o
life
invisible waves of energy that are produced by an energy soucre (such as an ___ machine or cathode ray tube) used in diagnosis and treatment of disease
x-rays
Lung study to diagnose a pulmonary embolus
V/Q scan
Radiopharmaceutical used in a PET scan
18F-FDG
Radioisotope (thallium) used in scanning heart muscle
TI 201
Study to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland
RAIU
Ultrasound test of the heart
ECHO
Common medical radioisotope used in multiple organ scans
Tc 99m
abbreviation meaning:
RP
(retrograde pyelogram): X-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
X-ray examination of the kidney after injection of contrast
Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)
