Ch 16 skin Flashcards
1
Q
Fat cell
A
adipocyte
2
Q
condition of skin deficient in pigment (melanin)
A
albinism
3
Q
one of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas. It opens into the hair follicle and secretes sweat that, with bacteria, is responsible for human body odor.
A
apocrine sweat gland
4
Q
Deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells.
A
basal layer
5
Q
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
A
collagen
6
Q
band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate.
A
cuticle
7
Q
middle layer of the skin
A
dermis
8
Q
most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin
A
eccrine sweat gland
9
Q
outermost layer of the skin
A
epidermis
10
Q
layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body.
A
epithelium
11
Q
sac within which each hair grows.
A
hair follicle
12
Q
the skin and its accessory structures, such as hair and nails.
A
integumentary system
13
Q
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails, _______ means horn and commonly is found in the horns of animals
A
keratin
14
Q
half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail.
A
lunula
15
Q
skin pigment. It is formed by melanocytes in the epidermis. Eu________ is a brown-black pigmet, whereas pheo_________ is red-yellow.
A
melanin
16
Q
soft tissue surrounding the nail border
A
paronychium
17
Q
tiny opening on the surface of the skin
A
pore
18
Q
oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles
A
sebaceous gland
19
Q
oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.
A
sebum
20
Q
flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis
A
squamous epithelium
21
Q
arranged in layers
A
stratified
22
Q
a layer (of cells)
A
stratum (plural: strata)
23
Q
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
A
stratum corneum
24
Q
innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue.
A
subcutaneous layer
25
# combining form:
adip/o
fat
26
# combining form:
lip/o
fat
27
# combining form:
albin/o
white
28
# combining form:
caus/o
burn, burning
29
# combining form:
cauter/o
heat, burn
30
# combining form:
cutane/o
skin
31
# combining form:
derm/o, dermat/o
skin
32
# combining form:
diaphor/o
profuse sweating
33
# combining form:
Eryth/o, erythemat/o
redness
34
# combining form:
hidr/o
sweat
35
# combining form:
ichthy/o
dry, scaly (fish-like_
36
# combining form:
kerat/o
hard
37
# combining form:
leuk/o
white
38
# combining form colors
albin/o
white
39
# combining form colors:
anthrac/o
black (as coal)
40
# combining form colors:
chlor/o
green
41
# combining form colors:
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
42
# combining form colors:
cyan/o
blue
43
# combining form colors:
eosin/o
rosy
44
# combining form colors:
erythr/o
red
45
# combining form colors:
jaund/o
yellow
46
# combining form colors:
leuk/o
white
47
# combining form colors:
lute/o
yellow
48
# combining form colors:
melan/o
black
49
# combining form colors:
poli/o
gray
50
# combining form colors:
xanth/o
yellow
51
# combining form:
myc/o
fungus (fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)
52
# combining form:
onych/o
nail
53
# combining form:
phyt/o
plant
54
# combining form:
pil/o
hair, hair follicle
55
# combining form:
py/o
pus
56
# combining form:
rhytid/o
wrinkle
57
# combining form:
seb/o
subum (oily secretion from sebaccous glands)
58
# combining form:
squam/o
scale-like
59
# combining form:
trich/o
hair
60
# combining form:
ungu/o
nail
61
# combining form:
xanth/o
yellow
62
# combining form:
xer/o
dry
63
an area of abnormal tissue anywhere on or in the body
lesion, or cutaneous lesion
64
# cutaneous lesion:
collection of dried serum and cellular debris.
| A scab is a ____. The drying of exudate ecczema, impetigo, seborrhea)
crust
65
# cutaneous lesion:
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
| ex. pilonidal____, epidermoid ___)
cyst
66
# cutaneous lesion:
wearing away or loss of epidermis
do not penetrate below the dermoepidermal junction. They occur as a result of inflammation or injury and heal without scarring.
erosion
67
# cutaneous lesion:
groove or crack-like sore
fissure
68
# cutaneous lesion:
Flat, pigmented lesion measuring `less than 1 cm` in diameter.
ex. freckles, tattoo marks, and flat moles
macule
69
# cutaneous lesion:
Solid, round or oval elevated lesion `1 cm or more` in diameter.
ex. enlarged lymph _ and solid growths
nodule
70
# cutaneous lesion:
Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation (bump) on the skin
ex. skin tags, pimples
papule
71
# cutaneous lesion:
Papule containing pus.
pustule
72
# cutaneous lesion:
Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper erosion).
Ulcer
73
# cutaneous lesion:
Small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister.
____s form in skin after burns and may be seen with allergies and dermatitis
vesicle
74
# cutaneous lesion:
Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is cerntrally redder than the surrounding skin.
ex. papular (mosquito bite). Often with itching (hives/urticaria), anaphylaxis, and insect bites.
wheal
75
# signs and symptoms:
Absence of hair from areas wwhere it normally grows.
alopecia
76
# signs and symptoms:
Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin.
ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)
77
# signs and symptoms:
Small, pinpoint hemorrhage
petechia (pl. petechiae)
78
# signs and symptoms:
Itching
pruritus
sp. correctly condition not inflammation (-itis)
79
Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum.
acne
80
Rare autoimmune skin condtion causing large, fluid-filled blisters. Occurs when autoantibodies attack proteins that hold together the basal layer of the epidermis and the dermis underneath.
bullous pemphigoid
81
injury to tissue caused by heat contact
burns
82
Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat redness, pain, and swelling.
cellulitis
83
Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papulosquamous lesions.
eczema (atopic dermatitis)
| chronic or acute rash
84
Rash (exanthem or the skin due to a viral infection
ex. rubella, varicella, rubeola
exanthematous viral diseases
85
Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
ischemia resulting from injury, inflammation, frostbite, diseases such as diabetes, or arteriosclerosis can lead to necrosis of tissue followed by bacterial invasion and putrefaction (proteins are decomposed by bacteria).
gangrene
86
Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles pustules, and crusted-over lesions.
a contagious pyoderma (py/o=pus) usually caused by staphylococci or strptococci.
impetigo
87
Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly red plaques coverd by silvery gray scales.
commonly involves the forearms, knees, legs, and scalp
not infectious or contagious, caused by an increased rate of growth of the basal layer of the epidermis. It is an autoinflammatory disease that can run in families.
psoriasis
88
Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
commonly affects areas such as the groin, nipples, and skin between the fingers.
scabies
89
Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue.
Fibrous scar-like tissue forms in the skin, and the heart, lungs, kidneys, and esophagus may be affected as well. Skin is thick, hard, and rigid, with areas of both depigmentation and hyperpigmentation.
autoimmune disease for which palliative treatment consists of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents, antifibrotics, and physical therapy.
scleroderma
90
Chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseas of collegen in skin, joints, and internal organs.
____means wolf-like (the shape and color of the erosive skin lesions and tissue loss resembling a wolf attack), produces a characteristic “butterfly” pattern of redness over the cheeks and nose.
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
91
Infection of the skin caused by a fungus.
ex. ____ corporis, or ringworm
tinea
92
Acute allergic reaction in which red round wheals develop on the skin.
urticaria (hives)
93
Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches).
vitiligo
94
# Benign Neoplasms:
Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction.
| common site is feet and hands
callus
95
# Benign Neoplasms:
Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision.
result from excessive collagen formation in the skin during connective tissue repair
keloid
96
# Benign Neoplasms:
Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associatd with aging or skin damage.
Keratosis
97
# Benign Neoplasms:
White, thickened patches on musous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
| precancerous lesion common with smokers
leukoplakia
98
# Benign Neoplasms:
Pigmented lesion of the skin
Commonly known as moles. Many present at birth, but some are acquired.
nevus (pl. nevi)
99
# Benign Neoplasms:
Epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus.
Verruca (pl. verrucae)
100
# Cancerous Lesions:
Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis.
basal cell carcinoma
101
# Cancerous Lesions:
Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis.
tumor may grow in places other than the skin, wherever squamous epithelium is found (mouth, larynx, bladder, esophagus, lungs)
squamous cell carcinoma
102
# Cancerous Lesions:
Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes.
malignant melanoma
103
# Cancerous Lesions:
Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules.
Kaposi sarcoma
104
# Laboratory Tests
Samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms
bacterial analyses
105
# Laboratory Tests
Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic identification of fungal infectionl
fungal tests
106
# Clinical Procedures
Use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue.
cryosurgery
107
# Clinical Procedures
Use of a sharp dermal curette to scape away a skin lesion.
curettage
108
# Clinical Procedures
Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.
electrodesiccation
109
# Clinical Procedures
Thin layers of malignant tissue areremoved, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection.
also called ____ micrographic surgery
excision to treat basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and other tumors. It is used in areas in which a wide local excision is not feasible (such as on the face) or tissue sparing is required
Mohs surgery
110
# Clinical Procedures
Suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist.
skin biopsy
111
# Clinical Procedures
Substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed.
skin test
112
# Abbreviations:
ABCDE
asymmetry (of shape), border (irregularity), color (variation within one lesion), diameter (greater than 6 mm), evolution (change)—characteristics associated with melanoma
113
# Abbreviations:
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
114
# Abbreviations:
Bx
biopsy
115
# Abbreviations:
Derm
dermatology
116
# Abbreviations:
DLE
discoid lupus erythematosus
117
# Abbreviations:
PPD
purified protein derivative-used in skin test for tuberculosis
118
# Abbreviations:
PUVA
psoralen-ultraviolet A light therapy; treatment for psoriasis and other skin conditions
119
# Abbreviations:
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
120
# Abbreviations:
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
121
# Abbreviations:
sub Q
subcutaneous
122
brown-black pigment
Eumelanin
123
red-yellow pigment
Pheomelanin
124
intensely unpleasant burning sensation in skin and muscles when there is damage to nerves
causalgia
125
instrument containing a needle or blade used durning surgery to burn througn tissue by menas of an electircal current. Very effectibe in minimizing blood loss.
electrocautery
126
a collection of keratinous debris within the epidermis
epidermoid cyst
127
Abrasion means a scraping away. ____ using a sandpaper-like material removes acne scars and fine wrinkles.
Dermabrasion
128
Loosening of ther epidermis with the development of large blisters; occures after injury or with blister producing diseases
epiderolysis
129
Flushing; widespread redness of the skin.
erythema
130
sweating
diaphoreis
131
Fungal infection
mycosis
132
Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections or after trauma. Often seen in psoriasis
onycholysis
133
inflammation and swelling of the soft tissue around the nail and is associated with torn cuticles or ingrown nails.
paronychia
134
Excessive secretion from sebaceous glands.
seborrhea
135
a collection of yellowish, cheesy sebum commonly found on the scalp, vulva, and scrotum
epidermoid cyst
136
A large macule, greater than 1 cm in diameter
patch
137
sun related premalignant lesions in people with sun-damaged skin.
Actinic keratosis
138
most common in people of color (acr/o) extremities (hands, feet, fingers, toes and under the nails) lentigious menas the meanoma is much darker and has sharp border.
acral leniginous melanoma
139
acral leniginous melanoma
Subunqual melanoma
140
surgical instrument removes a core of tissue obtained by rotation of its sharp, circular edge.
punch biopsy
141
tissue is excised using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin.
shave biopsy
