eyes and ears Flashcards
1
Q
suffix
-acusis or -cusis
A
hearing
2
Q
suffix
-meter
A
instrument to measure
3
Q
suffix
-opia
A
vision
4
Q
suffix
-opsia
A
vision
5
Q
suffix
-otia
A
ear condition
6
Q
suffix
-tropia
A
to turn
7
Q
Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
A
accommodation
8
Q
combinig form
acous/o
A
hearing
9
Q
Pertaining to hearing
A
acoustic
10
Q
Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain.
A
acoustic neuroma
11
Q
abbreviation
AD
A
right ear (Latin, auris dextra)
12
Q
abbreviation
ALT
A
argon laser trabeculoplasty.
13
Q
combinig form
ambly/o
A
dull, dim
14
Q
Decreased visual acuity often in a single eye and appearing in children; lazy eye.
(A condition in which the eye and brain fail to work together, resulting in vision impairment in just one eye)
A
amblyopia
15
Q
abbreviation
AMD
A
age-related macular degeneration
16
Q
Inequality in the size of pupils. Anis/o means unequal. ____ may be an indication of neurologic injury or disease
A
anisocoria
anis/o cor/ia
condition of unequal pupils
17
Q
Immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.
Fixation (stiffening) of the stapes bone (ossicle). Conduction deafness occurs, as the ossicles cannot pass on vibrations when sound enters the ear.
A
ankylosis
“ankyl-“ or “ankyl/o” signifies stiffness, immobility, or a fusion of parts, often referring to joints.
-osis abnomal condition
18
Q
Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor.
A
anterior chamber
19
Q
abbreviation
AOM
A
acute otitis media
20
Q
Absence of the lens of the eye. This condition may be congenital, but most often it is the result of extraction of a cataract (clouded lens) without placement of an artificial lens (pseudophakia).
A
aphakia
a-no, not, without
phak/o (lense)
21
Q
combinig form
aque/o
A
water
22
Q
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber.
A
aqueous humor
23
Q
abbreviation
AS
A
left ear (Latin, auris sinistra)
24
Q
Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
A
astigmatism
25
# combinig form
audi/o
hearing; the sense of hearing
26
Record of hearing using an audiometer.
audiogram
27
A health care professional specializing in the evaluation and rehabilitation of people with hearing loss.
audiologist
28
Testing the sense of hearing. An audiometer is an electrical device that delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies and decibels (loudness) to determine a patient’s hearing level for each frequency
audiometry
29
# combinig form
audit/o
hearing
ex... auditory
30
Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.
auditory canal
31
Another term for the auditory canal.
auditory meatus
32
Carry impulses from the inner `ear` to the brain (cerebral cortex). These `fibers` compose the vestibulocochlear `nerve` (cranial nerve VIII).
auditory nerve fibers
33
Channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; another name for the eustachian tube.
auditory tube
34
# combinig form
aur/o, auricul/o
*see also*
ot/o
ear
35
Pertaining to the ear.
aural
36
The protruding part of the external ear, also called the pinna.
auricle
37
Consisting of `two` surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and `c`urved evenly, like part of a sphere.
The lens of the eye is a ____ body.
biconvex
38
# combinig form
blephar/o
*same as*
palpebr/o
eyelid
39
Inflammation of an eyelid.
blepharitis
40
Sagging or drooping eyelid; ptosis.
blepharoptosis
41
# abbreviation
BPPV
`b`enign `p`aroxysmal `p`ositional `v`ertigo
remember that paroxysmal means-occurring in sudden, intense bursts or episodes.
42
Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision.
cataract
43
Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; earwax.
cerumen
44
Small, hard `c`ystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.
It is caused when a meibomian gland becomes blocked
*sounds a little like calzone + zion
Not to be confused with a a stye (or hordeolum) which is often caused by a bacterial infection of the oil gland or eyelash follicle.
chalazion
45
Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear. Steat/o means fat.
cholesteatoma
46
Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera.
choroid
47
Structure surrounding the lens that connects the iris to the choriod. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor.
ciliary body
48
# combinig form
cochle/o
cochlea
49
Snail shell–shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
cochlea
50
Pertaining to the cochlea.
cochlear
51
Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing–impaired persons to understand speech. Electrical signals are sent directly into the auditory nerve by means of multiple electrodes inserted into the cochlea.
cochlear implant procedure
52
Results from the impairment of sound wave transmission from the external ear to the cochlea.
Conductive deafness
53
Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. ____ are responsible for color and central vision. (They work best in bright light.)
cone
54
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
55
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball up to the cornea.
conjunctiva
56
Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Commonly called pinkeye . ____ occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic ____), (bacterial ____), or (viral ____).
conjunctivitis
57
# combinig form
cor/o
*same as*
pupill/o
pupil
58
# combinig form
corne/o
*same as*
kerat/o
cornea
59
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
cornea
60
Superficial scratch on the cornea (front of the eye).
corneal abrasion
61
Pertaining to the cornea and sclera (white of the eye).
corneoscleral
62
# combinig form
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
63
`Pertaining` to `paralysis` of the `ciliary` muscles of the eye.
cycloplegic
64
# combinig form
dacry/o
*same as*
lacrim/o
tears, tear duct
65
`Inflammation` of `tear` `glands`.
dacryoadenitis
66
Loss of the ability to hear.
deafness
67
Disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus. Retinal effects include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels) in the retina.
diabetic retinopathy
68
# combinig form
dipl/o
double
69
double vision
diplopia
70
Is marked by atrophy and degeneration of retinal cells and deposits of clumps of extracellular debris, or drusen. (affecting about 85% of patients)
Dry macular degeneration
71
Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
ear thermometry
72
# abbreviation
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
73
Fluid `within` the labyrinth (canals) of the inner ear; conducts sound waves.
endolymph
74
# abbreviation
ENG
`e`lectro`n`ystagmo`g`raphy—a test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assessing eye movements (nystagmus is rapidly twitching eye movements)
75
# abbreviation
ENT
ears, nose, and throat
76
Removal of the entire eyeball.
enucleation
77
Turning inward of one or both pupils; “cross eyes.” eso-means inward.
esotropia
78
Esotropia and Exotropia are two exmples of what?
strabismus
An eye movement disorder caused by a defect in eye muscles so that both eyes cannot be focused on the same point at the same time.
79
# abbreviation
ETD
eustachian tube dysfunction
80
Channel between the middle ear and the throat; also called the auditory tube.
eustachian tube
81
is an outward turning of an eye.
Exotropia
82
Turning of one or both pupils to the side or outward. "wall eye"
exotropia
83
(fluid leakage from the blood) appear in the retina as yellow-white spots. Laser photocoagulation is helpful for patients in whom growth of abnormal blood vessels or hemorrhaging on the retina has been severe.
exudates
84
(black spots or filmy shapes), which are vitreous clumps that detach from the retina.
floaters
85
Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.
fluorescein angiography
86
Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.
fovea centralis
87
Posterior, inner part of the eye; visualized with an ophthalmoscope.
fundus of the eye
88
# combinig form
glauc/o
gray
89
Increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision. Here, -oma means mass or collection of fluid (aqueous humor)
glaucoma
90
# abbreviation
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
91
`Absence` of `vision` for one `half`, right or left, of an individual’s field of vision.
hemianopsia
hemi-an-opsia
half-without-vision
92
Small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland; stye.
hordeolum (stye or sty)
derived from the Latin word "hordeum," which translates to "barley," reflecting the stye's resemblance to a small grain of barley.
93
Excessive sensitivity to sounds.
hyperacusis
94
Farsightedness; vision condition in which distant objects are seen more clearly than objects that are near.
hyperopia same as hypermetropia
95
Disease of the retina due to high blood pressure.
hypertensive retinopathy
96
upward deviation of one eye
hypertropia
97
downward deviation of one eye
hypotropia
98
Second ossicle, small anvil-shaped bone (ossicle) of the middle ear; incus means anvil.
incus
99
Pertaining to within the eye.
intraocular
100
Pertaining to within the vitreous humor. ____ injections are a method of treatment for ophthalmologic conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.
intravitreal
101
# abbreviation
IOL
intraocular lens
102
# abbreviation
IOP
intraocular pressure
103
# combinig form
ir/o, irid/o
iris (colored portion of the eye around the pupil)
104
A portion of the iris is removed to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body.
iridectomy
105
Pertaining to the iris.
iridic
106
Pigmented (colored) layer of the eye.
iris
107
Inflammation of the iris of the eye. Characterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation.
iritis
108
# combinig form
kerat/o
cornea
109
Inflammation of the cornea of the eye. Keratitis can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial), injury, or wearing contact lenses too long.
keratitis
110
Surgical repair of the cornea. Also known as a corneal transplant procedure. T
keratoplasty
111
Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
labyrinth
112
# combinig form
lacrim/o
tears
113
Pertaining to tears.
lacrimal
114
Production of tears.
lacrimation
115
Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels. This procedure is useful to treat retinal tears, diabetic retinopathy, and wet macular degeneration.
laser photocoagulation
116
# abbreviation
LASIK
LASIK is an acronym for `las`er` i`n situ `k`eratomileusis (shaping the cornea).
Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism).
117
Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
lens
118
Abnormally large ears; congenital anomaly.
macrotia
macr/o + otia
large + ear
119
Small oval region on the retina near the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision.
macula
120
Progressive damage to the macula of the retina and resulting in loss of central vision.
macular degeneration
121
occurs as fluid leaks from blood vessels into the retina and vision is blurred.
Macular edema
122
A small break in the macula (central section) of the retina. It may cause blurred and distorted central vision, and development of this may be related to aging.
macular hole
123
First hammer-shaped ossicle of the middle ear; ____ means hammer.
malleus
124
Rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.
mastoid process
125
# combinig form
mastoid/o
mastoid process
126
Inflammation and infection of the mastoid process just behind the ear.
mastoiditis
127
Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).
Meniere disease
128
# combinig form
mi/o
smaller, less
129
# abbreviation
MIGS
minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
130
Contraction of the pupil of the eye.
miosis
131
is a drug (such as pilocarpine) that causes the pupil to contract.
miotic
132
# combinig form
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
133
Enlargement of pupils. Tropicamide, atropine, and cocaine cause dilation, or enlargement, of pupils.
mydriasis
134
Nearsightedness; vision condition in which close objects are seen more clearly than objects that are far.
myopia
135
# combinig form
myring/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane (see tympan/o)
136
Inflammation of the eardrum.
myringitis
137
Incision of the eardrum.
myringotomy
138
(sensorineural hearing loss) results from impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve.
Nerve deafness
139
# combinig form
nyct/o
night
140
Night blindness; difficult, poor vision at night.
nyctalopia
141
Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes.
nystagmus
142
# abbreviation
OCT
optical coherence tomography
143
# combinig form
ocul/o
eye
144
# combinig form
ophthalm/o
eye
145
Pertaining to the eye.
ophthalmic
146
Medical doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the eye.
ophthalmologist
147
Paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball.
ophthalmoplegia
148
Visual examination of the interior of the eye.
ophthalmoscopy
149
# combinig form
opt/o, optic/o
eye, vision
150
Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain (Latin chiasma means crossing).
optic chiasm
151
Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.
optic disc
152
Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex).
optic nerve
153
Noninvasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina. ____ can be used to examine the optic nerve and retina for glaucoma and other retinal diseases.
optical coherence tomography (OCT)
154
Nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses.
optician
155
Nonmedical professional who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry (O.D.).
optometrist
156
Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.
organ of Corti
157
# abbreviation
OS
left eye (Latin, oculus sinister)
158
Small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes.
ossicle
159
# combinig form
ossicul/o
ossicle
160
Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear.
ossiculoplasty
161
# combinig form
ot/o
ear
162
Pertaining to the ear.
otic
163
Inflammation of the middle ear.
otitis media
164
Specialist (surgeon) in ear, nose, and throat disorders.
otolaryngologist
165
Fungal infection of the ear.
otomycosis
166
Discharge of pus from the ear.
otopyorrhea
167
Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear.
otosclerosis
168
Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope.
otoscopy
169
# abbreviation
OU
both eyes (Latin, oculus uterque, “each eye”)
170
Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.
oval window
171
# combinig form
palpebr/o
eyelid
172
Pertaining to an eyelid.
palpebral
173
# combinig form
papill/o
optic disc; nipple-like
174
This condition is associated with increased intracranial pressure and hyperemia (increased blood flow) in the region of the optic disc. The suffix -edema means swelling.
papilledema
175
pressure-equalizing tube—a polyethylene ventilating tube placed in the eardrum (to treat recurrent episodes of acute otitis media)
PE tube
176
Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear.
perilymph
177
# abbreviation
PERRLA
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
178
# combinig form
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
179
Technique of cataract extraction using ultrasonic vibrations to fragment (emulsify) the lens and aspirate the pieces from the eye.
phacoemulsification
180
# combinig form
phot/o
light
181
Sensitivity to light.
photophobia
182
bright flashes of light
photopsia
183
Conjunctivitis occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic conjunctivitis), bacterial infection (bacterial conjunctivitis), or virus (viral conjunctivitis).
pinkeye
184
Auricle; protruding part of the external ear.
pinna
185
an outpatient surgical alternative for selected retinal detachment and scleral buckle. A gas bubble is injected into the middle of the eye, and the tear is sealed with a freezing probe or laser beam.
Pneumatic retinopexy
186
# abbreviation
POAG
primary open-angle glaucoma
187
Pertaining to behind the ear.
postauricular
188
# combinig form
presby/o
old age
189
Progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older age.
presbycusis
190
Impairment of vision as a result of old age.
presbyopia
191
# abbreviation
PRK
`p`hoto`r`efractive `k`eratectomy—a laser beam flattens the top layer of the cornea to correct myopia
192
Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. It appears dark.
pupil
193
# combinig form
pupill/o
pupil
194
Pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
pupillary
195
Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina.
refraction
196
# combinig form
retin/o
retina
197
Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones).
retina
198
Two layers of the retina separate from each other.
retinal detachment
199
may be small and diagnosed early and require treatment with just a laser rather than surgery.
retinal hole
200
Inflamation of the retina of the eye
retinitis
201
`Inflammation` of the `retina` with `pigment`ation and progressive scarring of tissue. It is a genetic disorder (pigmented scar forms on the retina) that destroys retinal rods. Decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occur.
Retinitis pigmentosa
202
To perform the ____ test, the examiner places the base of the vibrating fork against the patient’s mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction).
Rinne test
203
Photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision.
rod
204
# combinig form
salping/o
eustachian tube, auditory tube
205
Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.
salpingopharyngeal
206
# combinig form
scler/o
sclera (white of the eye); hard
207
Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.
sclera
208
made of silicone is sutured to the sclera directly over the detached portion of the retina to push the two retinal layers together.
scleral buckle
209
Inflammation of the sclera.
scleritis
210
# combinig form
scot/o
darkness
211
Blind spot in the field of vision.
scotoma
212
A MIGS
selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT)
213
Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium.
semicircular canals
214
Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification. This procedure provides a magnified view of the conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, and vitreous.
slit lamp microscopy
215
# abbreviation
SLT
selective laser trabeculoplasty
216
# abbreviation
SOM
serous otitis media
217
# combinig form
staped/o
stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
218
Removal of the stapes (third middle ear bone). After stapedectomy a prosthetic device is used to connect the incus and the oval window.
stapedectomy
219
Third stirrup-shaped ossicle of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup.
stapes
220
Abnormal deviation of the eye; esotropia or exotropia are examples. A failure of the eyes to look in the same direction because of weakness of a muscle controlling the position of one eye.
strabismus
221
Relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
222
Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears without an external source. Caused by irritation of delicate hair cells in the inner ear. Tinnitus, a Latin-derived term, means tinkling. HINT: Tinnitus is a condition (-itus), not an inflammation (-itis).
tinnitus
223
Measurement of tension and pressure within the eye; glaucoma test. (ton/o = tension)
Tonometry
224
Procedure using a laser beam to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma.
trabeculoplasty
225
Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork). Rine and Weber test.
tuning fork test
226
# combinig form
tympan/o
eardrum, tympanic membrane
227
Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum.
tympanic membrane
228
Surgical repair of the eardrum. With or without surgical reconstruction of the bones of the middle ear with reconnection of the eardrum to the oval window.
tympanoplasty
229
# combinig form
uve/o
uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
230
Inflammation of the uvea, which is the vascular layer of the eye (including the iris, choroid, and ciliary body).
uveitis
231
# abbreviation
VA
visual acuity
232
Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
vertigo
233
# combinig form
vestibul/o
vestibule
234
Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium.
vestibule
235
Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea of the inner ear.
vestibulocochlear
236
# abbreviation
VF
visual field
237
Eye exam that measures clarity of vision.
visual acuity test
238
Eye examination that measures the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central).
visual field test
239
# combinig form
vitre/o
glassy
240
Removal of the vitreous humor. The vitreous is replaced with a clear solution. Can be used to remove nonresolving hemorrhage into the vitreous jelly.
vitrectomy
241
Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball. Often referred to as the vitreous.
vitreous humor
242
In the ____ test, the tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead. The perceived loudness of sound is the same in both ears if hearing is normal.
Weber test
243
involves new and leaky macular blood vessels.
Wet macular degeneration
244
SLT, which is as effective as ALT, is the preferred laser treatment because it causes less scarring and may be repeated twice every 2 to 3 years if needed.
What is the preferred laser treatment ALT or SLT? Why?
245
# combinig form
xer/o
dry
246
Condition of excessive dryness of the eye.
xerophthalmia
