Chapter 2 Extra Flashcards
spell and give its meaning
anabolism
ana/bol/ism
Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana-means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process
process of casting up or building up large proteins from small proteins
spell and give its meaning
catabolism
cata/bol/ism
Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata-down, bol-cast, -ism-process.
process of casting down or breaking down to simpler substanes
spell and give its meaning
cell membrane
Structure surrrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
spell and give its meaning
chromosomes
Rod-shaped sturctures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
spell and give its meaning
cytoplasm
All of the material that is outside the nucleus an yet contained whithin the cell membrane.
cyt/o= cell, -plasm= formation
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DNA
(deoxyrybonucleic acid)
Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
spell and give its meaning
endoplasmic reticulum
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.
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genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
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Karyotype
Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.
spell and give its meaning
metabolism
Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta-change, bol-cast, ism-process
process of casting change into energy
spell and give its meaning
mitochondria
Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (mniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the proccess that occurs in mitochondria.
mitos means thread, chondrion means granule. Think “mighty” mitochondri
Sausage shaped bodies that provide the principal soure of energy for the cell. Use oxygen and nutirents to release energy.
spell and give its meaning
nucleus
Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
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cell
smallest living unit, the fundamental unit of all living things (animal or plant)
what are the 6 major parts of a cell?
cell membrane, nucleus, chromosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum
how many chromosomes does a sex cell have (egg and sperm)?
Only 23, all other cells have 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes each.
spell and give its meaning
amniocentesis
Puncture of the sac around the fetus for removal of fluid and cells. The karyotype of the baby can be examined by this process.
Down Syndrom is?
also called?
Karyotype with 47 chromosomes. the extra chromosome 21 is what rusults in the development of a child with Down syndrome. Also called Trisome 21 syndrome
spell and identify the 7 organs in the following system
Digestive
Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus (tubve from the throat to the stomach), stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
spell and identify the 4 organs in the following system
Urinary or excretory
Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra ( tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)
spell and identify the 6 organs in the following system
Respiratory
Nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windppe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)
spell and identify the organs in female (5) and male (4) reproductive sy
Reproductive
Female: Ovaries, fallopian tuves, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands
Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland
spell and identify the organs in the following system
Endocrine
Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands
spell and identify the organs in the followin system
Nervous
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves
spell and identify the 5 organs in the following system
Circulatory
Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.