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1st yr-Med 2022-2023 > MCB L1 > Flashcards

MCB L1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of prokaryotes

A

Simple structure - no nucleus
DNA not localised, “free”, attached to cell wall, cell membrane (plasma membrane)
Outer cell wall - protection (prokaryotes live in hostile environments)
Variable shapes + sizes (rods, spheres, spirals)

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2
Q

State the 3 different shapes of prokaryotes

A

Spherical cells
Rod shaped cells
Spiral cells

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3
Q

State an example of a prokaryote

A

Bacteria:
Archae
Eubacteria - ecoli (model organism for eubacteria)

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4
Q

Diagram of prokaryote

A

Prokaryotic DNA
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Flagellum

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5
Q

How do prokaryotes become resistant to antibioitics

A

Rapid growth due to frequent divisions
Leads to rapid evolving
-change in genetics (genetic replication)
-Exchange of DNA between cells
-Mutations

Leads to antibiotic resistance

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6
Q

State a common type of antibiotic resistanct prokaryote

A

MRSA - post surgery infection
people get infected with MRSA (antibiotic resistant bacteria, post surgery)

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7
Q

What are the components of the plasma membrane?

A

DNA
RNA
Proteins

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8
Q

State the 3 divisions of organisms

A

Bacteria (eubacteria)
Archae (Archaebacteria)
Eukaroytes

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9
Q

How do we classify the different divisions of organisms?

A

We cannot do this based on how they look, they all have similar shapes and sizes

We can only do this based on DNA sequence

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10
Q

What are the two divisions of prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes diverged early in evolution into 2 distinct groups:

Eubacteria
Archae

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11
Q

State 2 examples of eukaryotes

A

Humans
Maize

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12
Q

State an example of archaebacteria

A

Sulfolobus

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13
Q

State an example of eubacteria

A

E-coli

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14
Q

State the compartments of the eukaryotic cell

A

RECOGNISE ON DIAGRAM

  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Ribosomes in cytosol
  4. Mitochondrion
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Golgi apparatus
  7. ER
  8. Vesicles
  9. Peroxisomes
  10. Centrosome with pair of centrioles
  11. ECM
  12. Actin Filaments
  13. Intermediate filaments
  14. Microtubules
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15
Q

State the function of the nucleus

A

Contains genome
DNA + RNA synthesis

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16
Q

State the function of lysosomes

A

Intracellular digestion / degradation

17
Q

State the function of ER

A

Synthesis of proteins + lipids

(where cell membrane components are made, the above)

(materials for export)

18
Q

State the function of golgi apparatus

A

Modifications, sorting, packaging of proteins + lipids (of materials produced in ER)

Transports materials outside cell using vesicles

19
Q

State the function of endosomes

A

Sorting of molecules entering cell via membranes

20
Q

State the function of mitochondria

A

ATP synthesis
Cellular respiration

21
Q

State the function of peroxisomes

A

Oxidation of toxic molecules

22
Q

State the function of chloroplasts

A

Traps sunlight energy - converts into large molecules

“large molecules” = food, used for ATP synthesis in mitochondira

23
Q

Why do eukaryotyes have membrane-bound organelles

A

Organelles in eukaryotes are in membrane-bound compartments

Because each organelle undergoes seperate reactions which are NOT COMPATIBLE with each other - therefore, organelles need to be in seperate comparments

24
Q

Describe the structure of the golgi apparatus

A

Flattened stacks of membrane enclosed sacs

25
Q

State the function of the plasma membrane

A

Allow materials to be imported and exported from the cell via endocytosis and exocytosis

26
Q

What is the cytoplasm ?

A

All aqeous material in plasma membrane

27
Q

What is the cytosol ?

A

All cytoplasm not enclosed in membrane bound organelles

28
Q

What is the role of the cytosol ?

A
  • Many chemical reactions take place in cytosol
  • e.g. initial breakdown of nutrients
29
Q

What are diverse cell types ?

A

Specialised cells.
Certain cells are specialised for certain functions and therefore, have different quantities of certain components

30
Q

Give examples of diverse cell types

A
  1. Oxyntic cells (stomach)
  2. Astrocytes (brain)
  3. Cardiac muscle cells (heart)
  4. Egg cells / Sperm cells (sex cells)
  5. Hair cells (inner ear)
31
Q

State the function of oxyntic cells, where they are found and how they are specialised to this function

A

Found in stomach
Produce gastric juice which produces HCl
Have lots of mitochondria

1st yr-Med 2022-2023 (57 decks)

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