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1st yr-Med 2022-2023 > BMC L5 > Flashcards

BMC L5 Flashcards

1
Q

State the location and function of Broca’s area

A

Left hemisphere of right handed individuals

FRONTAL LOBE

Emotional responses to language

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2
Q

State the cause of Broca’s aphasia and its effects

A

Excessive aphasia
Damage / lesion to Broca’s area

Deficit in speech production, written and verbally

Retained ability to comprehend written and verbal instructions

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3
Q

State the function and location of Wenricke’s area

A

In left hemisphere of MOST left handed individuals

general interpretation

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4
Q

State the cause of Wenricke’s aphasia and its effects

A

Lesion to Wenricke’s area

RECEPTIVE / FLUENT APHASIA

Most commonly occurs after ischaemic heart attack

Deficit in speech
interpretation - Ability to produce words not affected, understanding the meaning is the issue

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5
Q

What are sulci?

A

Inward grooves

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6
Q

What are gyri?

A

Outward folds / Surface elevations

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7
Q

Give an example of a sulcus

A
  • Central sulcus
  • Separates / BOUNDS frontal lobe from parietal lobe
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus
    -Separates / BOUNDS the occirial lobe and parietal lobe
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8
Q

What are fissures? Give an example

A

Deep grooves - fissure is similar to sulci
Example: Longitudinal fissure, separates two cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

State an adaptation of the cerebral cortex

A

Gyri and Sulci
Increase SA

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10
Q

State the components of the limbic system

A

Hippocampus with a HAT

Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Thalamus

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11
Q

State the function of the limbic system

A

“feeling brain”

Emotion / affective brain / region

Responsible for reticular formation - brainstem -> cerebral cortex - maintenance of consciousness

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12
Q

Functional overview of cortex

A

Frontal Lobe:

  1. Primary motor cortex
  2. Supplementary motor area
  3. Premotor cortex
  4. Prefrontal association cortex
  5. Broca’s area

Parietal Lobe

1.Somatosensory cortex
2.Posterior Parietal Cortex
3. Wenricke’s Area
4. Parietal Temporal-Occipital association cortex

Temoral Lobe:

  1. Primary auditory cortex
  2. Limbic association cortex
  3. Wenricke’s area
  4. Parietal Occiptial Temporal association cortex

Occipital Lobe:

Primary Visual Cortex
Parietal Occiptial Temporal association cortex

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13
Q

Functional Overview of Cortex

A

Skilled Movements
Sensory Perception
Memory, thinking, language
Emotions, Motivation
Higher mental functions
Consciousness

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14
Q

PET Scan

A

Positron Emission Tomogrpahy

Produces detailed 3D images inside body

Can highlight abnormal images + highlight how well certain fucntions of body are working

RECOGNISE PET SCAN

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15
Q

Function of primary motor cortex

A

Located in precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

Made up of the large pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus

These cells have long axons which go down pyramidial / corticospinal tracts to effector muscles

This allows conscious control of skilled movement

Focussed movement: strength + direction

Control of volunary movement

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16
Q

Function of premotor cortex

A

Located anterior to precentral gyrus

Control of learned motor skill

Coordination of sequential + simultaneous actions, allowng gross coordinated movements of head + neck + arms

Planning movement depending on sensory feedbacl

Coordination of complex movements

17
Q

Function of supplementary motor area

A

Medial surface of cortex, anterior to primary motor area
Provides bilateral movements of groups of muscles, for posture
Plan movement, execution of planned movement

Coordination of complex movements

18
Q

Prefrontal Association Cortex

A
  • Decision Making (planning the voluntary activity)
    -Personality traits

ALSO KNOWN AS AAA:
ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION CORTEX

NOT FULLY UNDERSTODD, MOST COMPLEX CORTICAL REGION

RESPONSIBLE FOR INTELLECT, PERSONALITY, COGNITION, RECALL

DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON FEEDBACK FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, REWIRED DURING ADOLOSENCE

19
Q

What is a homunculus?

A

Scale model of human body

Illustrates physiological / psychological characteristics / functions

2 types

  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
20
Q

State the function and location of the primary somatosensory cortex

A

Location: Post central gyrus , parietal lobe

Functions:

  • Recieves sensory input from skin, skeletal muscle, joints
  • Capable of spatial discrimination - detects which region in body is stimulated
  • When stimulated, produces a sensation of numbness, tingling

1st yr-Med 2022-2023 (57 decks)

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