BMC L5

Question 1

State the location and function of Broca’s area

Answer 1

Left hemisphere of right handed individuals

FRONTAL LOBE

Emotional responses to language

Question 2

State the cause of Broca’s aphasia and its effects

Answer 2

Excessive aphasia
Damage / lesion to Broca’s area

Deficit in speech production, written and verbally

Retained ability to comprehend written and verbal instructions

Question 3

State the function and location of Wenricke’s area

Answer 3

In left hemisphere of MOST left handed individuals

general interpretation

Question 4

State the cause of Wenricke’s aphasia and its effects

Answer 4

Lesion to Wenricke’s area

RECEPTIVE / FLUENT APHASIA

Most commonly occurs after ischaemic heart attack

Deficit in speech
interpretation - Ability to produce words not affected, understanding the meaning is the issue

Question 5

What are sulci?

Answer 5

Inward grooves

Question 6

What are gyri?

Answer 6

Outward folds / Surface elevations

Question 7

Give an example of a sulcus

Answer 7

• Central sulcus
• Separates / BOUNDS frontal lobe from parietal lobe
• Parieto-occipital sulcus
  -Separates / BOUNDS the occirial lobe and parietal lobe

Question 8

What are fissures? Give an example

Answer 8

Deep grooves - fissure is similar to sulci
Example: Longitudinal fissure, separates two cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

State an adaptation of the cerebral cortex

Answer 9

Gyri and Sulci
Increase SA

Question 10

State the components of the limbic system

Answer 10

Hippocampus with a HAT

Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Thalamus

Question 11

State the function of the limbic system

Answer 11

“feeling brain”

Emotion / affective brain / region

Responsible for reticular formation - brainstem -> cerebral cortex - maintenance of consciousness

Question 12

Functional overview of cortex

Answer 12

Frontal Lobe:

1. Primary motor cortex
2. Supplementary motor area
3. Premotor cortex
4. Prefrontal association cortex
5. Broca’s area

Parietal Lobe

1.Somatosensory cortex
2.Posterior Parietal Cortex
3. Wenricke’s Area
4. Parietal Temporal-Occipital association cortex

Temoral Lobe:

1. Primary auditory cortex
2. Limbic association cortex
3. Wenricke’s area
4. Parietal Occiptial Temporal association cortex

Occipital Lobe:

Primary Visual Cortex
Parietal Occiptial Temporal association cortex

Question 13

Functional Overview of Cortex

Answer 13

Skilled Movements
Sensory Perception
Memory, thinking, language
Emotions, Motivation
Higher mental functions
Consciousness

Question 14

PET Scan

Answer 14

Positron Emission Tomogrpahy

Produces detailed 3D images inside body

Can highlight abnormal images + highlight how well certain fucntions of body are working

RECOGNISE PET SCAN

Question 15

Function of primary motor cortex

Answer 15

Located in precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

Made up of the large pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus

These cells have long axons which go down pyramidial / corticospinal tracts to effector muscles

This allows conscious control of skilled movement

Focussed movement: strength + direction

Control of volunary movement

Question 16

Function of premotor cortex

Answer 16

Located anterior to precentral gyrus

Control of learned motor skill

Coordination of sequential + simultaneous actions, allowng gross coordinated movements of head + neck + arms

Planning movement depending on sensory feedbacl

Coordination of complex movements

Question 17

Function of supplementary motor area

Answer 17

Medial surface of cortex, anterior to primary motor area
Provides bilateral movements of groups of muscles, for posture
Plan movement, execution of planned movement

Coordination of complex movements

Question 18

Prefrontal Association Cortex

Answer 18

• Decision Making (planning the voluntary activity)
  -Personality traits

ALSO KNOWN AS AAA:
ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION CORTEX

NOT FULLY UNDERSTODD, MOST COMPLEX CORTICAL REGION

RESPONSIBLE FOR INTELLECT, PERSONALITY, COGNITION, RECALL

DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON FEEDBACK FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, REWIRED DURING ADOLOSENCE

Question 19

What is a homunculus?

Answer 19

Scale model of human body

Illustrates physiological / psychological characteristics / functions

2 types

1. Sensory
2. Motor

Question 20

State the function and location of the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 20

Location: Post central gyrus , parietal lobe

Functions:

• Recieves sensory input from skin, skeletal muscle, joints
• Capable of spatial discrimination - detects which region in body is stimulated
• When stimulated, produces a sensation of numbness, tingling