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Pre-Med 2022-2023 > CFB L6 - Renal Anatomy > Flashcards

CFB L6 - Renal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Hillum

A

Region where renal artery, renal vein + ureter enters + leaves organ

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2
Q

L1

A

First lumbar verterba of spinal column below T12 and above L2

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Behind peritoneum, below posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

Superior

A

Location above another structure

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Location below / lower than another structure

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6
Q

Medial

A

Position is towards midline of body

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7
Q

Reflection

A

Process of folding back or turning a structure upon itself.
Typically done in surgery to gain better access to certain structures

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8
Q

Hepatic Flexure

A

Sharp bend in colon located in URT (upper respiratory tract) near liver caused by junction of ascending colon and transverse colon

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9
Q

Splenic flexure

A

Sharp bend in colon in ULQ near spleen caused by junction of transverse and descending colon

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10
Q

Fascia

A

Fibrous connective tissue. surrounds + supports muscle, organs
Composed of
-collagen
-elastin
which give it strength + flexibility

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11
Q

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right kidney?

A

Between T12 - L3

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12
Q

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left kidney?

A

Between T11 - L3

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13
Q

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right hillum?

A

L2

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14
Q

Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left hillum?

A

L1

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15
Q

Why is the right kidney lower?

A

Due to presence of liver, which occupies lots of space in presence of URQ, pushing kidney down

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16
Q

What structures enter and leave at L1, the hila?

A

Inferior vena cava
Abdominal aorta
Sympathetic -

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17
Q

Which structures are posterior to the kidney?

A

Diaphragm
Ribs (12th rib)

Psoas major muscle

Quadratus Lumborum musclce

Transversus abdominis muscle

Subcostal nerve

Iliohypogastric nerve

18
Q

Which structures are anterior to the right kidney?

A

Liver
Duodenum
Colon
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Hepatic flexure / right colic flexure

19
Q

Which structures are anterior to the left kidney?

A

Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left adrenal gland
Splenic flexure / left colic flexure

20
Q

Retroperitoneal location of the Kidneys

DIAGRAM

A

Greater sac of peritneum cavity
Stomach
Lesser Sac
Hepatic artery
Peritoneum
Free boarder of lesser omentum
Liver
Common Bile duct
Right kidney
Portal vein
Vertebra
Aprta
Left Kidney
Spleen

THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS KIDNEYS ARE OUTSIDE OF GREATER SAC OF PERINEAL / ABDOMINAL CAVITY

SHOWS KIDNEYS RETROPERITONEAL

21
Q

Organs and myscles which are retroperitoneal

A

Duodenum
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Desecning Colon
Quadratus Lumborum musclce
Kidneys
Psoas muscle
Vena cava
Aorta

22
Q

The four layers of protection around each kidney

A

Kidney has 3 capsules

  1. Fibrous capsule - adheres to surface of kidney, surrounds kidney
  2. Perenephric fat - outside the fibrous capsule, completely surrounds kidney, perinephric fat is a layer of adipose tissue
  3. Then, we have Renal Fascia, outside perenephric fat, this is a layer of connective tissue
  4. Paranephric Fat - layer of adipose tissue
  5. Peritoneum
23
Q

Meaning of “peri”

A

around

24
Q

Meaning of “para”

A

Besides

25
Q

Blood supply to kidneys / external renal vasculature

A

20% of cardiac output delivered to kidneys by abdominal aorta + pair of renal arteries.

Each main renal artery starts just below the level of the superioir mesenteric artery, at the level of L2 verterba body.

Each Main renal artery branches into 2 prehilar branches from hilum called anterior + posterior branches

Anterior prehilum branch
Posterior prehilum branch

26
Q

Order of structures passing into hilum from anterior to posterior

A

Vein
Artery
Ureter

27
Q

Anatomy of the kidney

A
  1. Medullary pyramids
  2. Interlobular artery
  3. Renal artery
  4. Renal vein
  5. Hilum
  6. Renal pelvis
  7. Ureter
  8. Minor calyx
  9. Renal capsule
  10. Renal fascia
  11. Perinephral fat
  12. Interlobular vein
  13. Cortex
  14. Renal Medulla
  15. Major calyx
  16. Renal papilla
  17. Renal column
28
Q

Which structures enter and leave at the hilum?

A

Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
Lymphatic nerves

29
Q

What does papilla mean?

A

Latin for “nipple”

30
Q

What is the plural of calyx?

A

Calycel

31
Q

Describe the pathway of urine through the kidney

A

Papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, pelvis, ureter, baladder

32
Q

State the location of Bowmans capsule

A

In cortex, whole renal corpuscle, glomerulus + bowmans capsule

33
Q

Which structures are outside the medullary pyramid?

A

Renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus
Tubules (proximal + convoluted

34
Q

Which structures are inside the medullary pyramid?

A

Loop of henle, collecting duct

35
Q

Nephron anatomy

A

Interlobular artery
Interlobular vein
Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distill convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Peritubular capillaries

36
Q

Meaning of afferent

A

Towards glomerulus

37
Q

Meaning of efferent

A

Away from glomerulus

38
Q

Which renal artery is longer, right or left and why?

A

Right renal artery longer than left
Must pass in front off IVC

39
Q

What is the only major vessel which travels posterior to IVC?

A

Right renal artery

40
Q

Which is longer, left renal vein or right renal vein and why?

A

LEFT
Must pass in front of ABDOMINAL AORTA

41
Q

Describe the positioning of the main renal arteries

A

Starts just below level of superior mesenteric artery, at level of Lumbar 2 Veterba of spinal column

Pre-Med 2022-2023 (57 decks)

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