CFB L6 - Renal Anatomy Flashcards
Hillum
Region where renal artery, renal vein + ureter enters + leaves organ
L1
First lumbar verterba of spinal column below T12 and above L2
Retroperitoneal
Behind peritoneum, below posterior abdominal wall
Superior
Location above another structure
Inferior
Location below / lower than another structure
Medial
Position is towards midline of body
Reflection
Process of folding back or turning a structure upon itself.
Typically done in surgery to gain better access to certain structures
Hepatic Flexure
Sharp bend in colon located in URT (upper respiratory tract) near liver caused by junction of ascending colon and transverse colon
Splenic flexure
Sharp bend in colon in ULQ near spleen caused by junction of transverse and descending colon
Fascia
Fibrous connective tissue. surrounds + supports muscle, organs
Composed of
-collagen
-elastin
which give it strength + flexibility
Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right kidney?
Between T12 - L3
Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left kidney?
Between T11 - L3
Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the right hillum?
L2
Using vertebrae as landmarks, where is the left hillum?
L1
Why is the right kidney lower?
Due to presence of liver, which occupies lots of space in presence of URQ, pushing kidney down
What structures enter and leave at L1, the hila?
Inferior vena cava
Abdominal aorta
Sympathetic -
Which structures are posterior to the kidney?
Diaphragm
Ribs (12th rib)
Psoas major muscle
Quadratus Lumborum musclce
Transversus abdominis muscle
Subcostal nerve
Iliohypogastric nerve
Which structures are anterior to the right kidney?
Liver
Duodenum
Colon
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Hepatic flexure / right colic flexure
Which structures are anterior to the left kidney?
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Left adrenal gland
Splenic flexure / left colic flexure
Retroperitoneal location of the Kidneys
DIAGRAM
Greater sac of peritneum cavity
Stomach
Lesser Sac
Hepatic artery
Peritoneum
Free boarder of lesser omentum
Liver
Common Bile duct
Right kidney
Portal vein
Vertebra
Aprta
Left Kidney
Spleen
THIS DIAGRAM SHOWS KIDNEYS ARE OUTSIDE OF GREATER SAC OF PERINEAL / ABDOMINAL CAVITY
SHOWS KIDNEYS RETROPERITONEAL
Organs and myscles which are retroperitoneal
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ascending colon
Desecning Colon
Quadratus Lumborum musclce
Kidneys
Psoas muscle
Vena cava
Aorta
The four layers of protection around each kidney
Kidney has 3 capsules
- Fibrous capsule - adheres to surface of kidney, surrounds kidney
- Perenephric fat - outside the fibrous capsule, completely surrounds kidney, perinephric fat is a layer of adipose tissue
- Then, we have Renal Fascia, outside perenephric fat, this is a layer of connective tissue
- Paranephric Fat - layer of adipose tissue
- Peritoneum
Meaning of “peri”
around
Meaning of “para”
Besides
Blood supply to kidneys / external renal vasculature
20% of cardiac output delivered to kidneys by abdominal aorta + pair of renal arteries.
Each main renal artery starts just below the level of the superioir mesenteric artery, at the level of L2 verterba body.
Each Main renal artery branches into 2 prehilar branches from hilum called anterior + posterior branches
Anterior prehilum branch
Posterior prehilum branch
Order of structures passing into hilum from anterior to posterior
Vein
Artery
Ureter
Anatomy of the kidney
- Medullary pyramids
- Interlobular artery
- Renal artery
- Renal vein
- Hilum
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
- Minor calyx
- Renal capsule
- Renal fascia
- Perinephral fat
- Interlobular vein
- Cortex
- Renal Medulla
- Major calyx
- Renal papilla
- Renal column
Which structures enter and leave at the hilum?
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
Lymphatic nerves
What does papilla mean?
Latin for “nipple”
What is the plural of calyx?
Calycel
Describe the pathway of urine through the kidney
Papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, pelvis, ureter, baladder
State the location of Bowmans capsule
In cortex, whole renal corpuscle, glomerulus + bowmans capsule
Which structures are outside the medullary pyramid?
Renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus
Tubules (proximal + convoluted
Which structures are inside the medullary pyramid?
Loop of henle, collecting duct
Nephron anatomy
Interlobular artery
Interlobular vein
Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distill convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Peritubular capillaries
Meaning of afferent
Towards glomerulus
Meaning of efferent
Away from glomerulus
Which renal artery is longer, right or left and why?
Right renal artery longer than left
Must pass in front off IVC
What is the only major vessel which travels posterior to IVC?
Right renal artery
Which is longer, left renal vein or right renal vein and why?
LEFT
Must pass in front of ABDOMINAL AORTA
Describe the positioning of the main renal arteries
Starts just below level of superior mesenteric artery, at level of Lumbar 2 Veterba of spinal column
