MATERIAL MECHANICS HIGH YIELD

Question 1

this is a force applied to the outside of a structure sustained by the structure

Answer 1

loads

Question 2

what are the three types of loads?

Answer 2

compression
tension
shear

Question 3

what is the ideal loading through bones for compression?

what does this allow?

Answer 3

more parallel to each other so more compression

more compression

Question 4

this is applied to ligaments and starts emergency action of ligaments

Answer 4

tension

Question 5

this type of load causes ripping or tearing

Answer 5

shear

Question 6

can have the same stresses we’ve seen on loads:

compression, tension, shear

Answer 6

stress and strain

Question 7

these strains allow a structure to resist strain?

Answer 7

elasticity
resilience
toughness
reaction to damping

Question 8

strain has two types of deformation:

Answer 8

elasticity

plasticity

Question 9

what is stress in reference to youngs modulus

Answer 9

refers to the amount of force per unit area of collision

Question 10

what is strain in reference to youngs modulus

Answer 10

the amount of distortion with respect to original size/form

Question 11

this law is applied to solids

not all materials are classified as solids, tissues don’t all follow the law

Answer 11

hooks law

Question 12

this can cause material to deform in response to the load

Answer 12

yield point

Question 13

material may fail by deforming a great deal, or more often by fracturing

Answer 13

failure point

Question 14

bone loading consists of?

Answer 14

anisotropic
compression
tension
shear

Question 15

this bone loading:

bones least likely to yield or fail under these load types

Answer 15

compression

Question 16

this bone loading:

bones can fracture or fail under tension force

Answer 16

tension

Question 17

this bone loading:

most fractures of throwing arm due to shear so hear torque develops during throwing motion

Answer 17

shear

Question 18

this type of loading uses compression, tension and shear or any combination of these

Answer 18

combined loading

Question 19

what is important to note about combined loading?

Answer 19

strains and stresses can the other to occur

Question 20

the during midstance is a _____?

Answer 20

beam

Question 21

bone adapts and alters its structure in response to stress, this applies to what law?

Answer 21

wolff’s law

Question 22

takes effect faster than Wolff’s law because soft tissue adapts faster than the bone

Answer 22

davis’ law

Question 23

what are the important electric currents to note?

Answer 23

positive and negative current

Question 24

muscle contraction during midstance performs what?

Answer 24

stabilizing function on foot bones

Question 25

what muscles stabilize the bones of the lesser tarsus during midstance?

Answer 25

soleus

peroneus longus

tibialis posterior

Question 26

stabilization of the metatarsal bones is done by?

Answer 26

intrinsic muscles of the foot

Question 27

stabilization is dependent on the stabilization of what?

Answer 27

lesser tarsus

Question 28

stabilization of these rays leads to saggital plane motion occurring gin these rays (1st and 5th have own axis)

Answer 28

2,3,4 rays

Question 29

for midstance stability, in the first half, what are the muscles?

Answer 29

flexor digitorum and tibialis posterior

Question 30

these muscles provide transverse stability of the metatarsals and lesser tarsus

Answer 30

peroneus longus, tibialis posterior, and soles muscles

Question 31

what stabilizes the 1st ray?

Answer 31

peroneus longus stabilizes the base of 1 met and plantar and lateral direction

Question 32

what stabilizes the 5th ray?

Answer 32

not well studied

small range of motion probe limits the needs for additional muscular stabilization

Question 33

what is primarily happening to STJ and rotation during tibail midstance?

Answer 33

acceleration of STJ supination and external rotation occurring

Question 34

prime movers to start subtalar supination

Answer 34

tibialis posterior

soleus

long digital flexors

Question 35

this muscles function accelerates external rotation of the femur

Answer 35

gastroc muscle

Question 36

these muscles resist supination and control the rate of STJ supination during midstance

Answer 36

peroneus brevis and longus

Question 37

this muscle prevents uncontrolled extension of the knee

Answer 37

gastroc muscle