FORCES AND FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY TERMS

Question 1

all the motion of the foot produces force against the ground

Answer 1

ground reactive forces

Question 2

this foot supports body weight as the center of gravity of the body passes in linear progression above the foot

Answer 2

vertical forces, ground reactive forces

Question 3

this occurs when stress causes one part to slide over another because of a blow or significant impact

Answer 3

linear shear forces, ground reactive forces

Question 4

what is posterior shear force?

Answer 4

soft tissue is pulled backwards relative to the calcaneus

Question 5

what is anterior shear force?

Answer 5

caused by heel lift and push off of propulsion

Question 6

when forces produce a turning effect, also observed as a moment

Answer 6

torque

Question 7

produced by side to side motion of the trunk?

Answer 7

lateral shear

Question 8

results due to lack of osseous stability or muscles lack to resist abnormal motion

Answer 8

abnormal shear

Question 9

this has a primary role in shock absorption and terrain adaptation

Answer 9

medial column

Question 10

this has a primary role in balance

Answer 10

lateral column

Question 11

this occurs when the axis of a joint is deviated to become more perpendicular to a certain plane, then motion in that plane will be dominant

Answer 11

planar dominance

Question 12

what are lateral ankle ligaments useful for?

Answer 12

provide emergency stability for ankle in response to subtalar inversion, preventing subluxation

Question 13

this structure help to supinate the STJ during the propulsive phases?

Answer 13

windlass mechanism for plantar fascia

Question 14

name this locking position of the MTJ?

presented an idea that the two components of the MTJ, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid, each have two axis

Answer 14

effman

Question 15

name this locking position of the MTJ?

presented when the STJ is held in a neutral position and pronation of the MTJ stops which leads to loading of the lateral column

Answer 15

root

Question 16

name this locking position of the MTJ?

states that the MTJ consists of the navicular and cuboid rotating around the talus along with the calcaneus

Answer 16

huson

Question 17

name this locking position of the MTJ?

states the MTJ relates that the navicular and cuboid move as a single unit

Answer 17

nester and findlow

Question 18

name this compensatory ontogenetic dysfunction

resulting from the retention of varus torsion of the talar head and neck

Answer 18

congenital forefoot varus

Question 19

name this compensatory ontogenetic dysfunction

no subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the forefoot

Answer 19

uncompensated forefoot varus

Question 20

name this compensatory ontogenetic dysfunction

enough subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the forefoot

Answer 20

compensated forefoot varus

Question 21

name this compensatory ontogenetic dysfunction

some subtalar eversion. but not enough to completely equalize ground forces on forefoot

Answer 21

partially compensated forefoot varus

Question 22

foot can’t dorsiflex the 10 degrees needed at midstance in relation to the tibia

Answer 22

equines

Question 23

congenital resulting from excessive valgus torsion of the head and neck of the talus relative to the body of the talus

Answer 23

forefoot valgus

Question 24

plane of met head 1 and 5 everted to the rearfoot

Answer 24

plantar flexed 1st ray

Question 25

name this abnormal STJ loading

caused by external forces, widened bae of gait for heavy lifting causes this and forces increased toward pronating the STJ

tibial valgus or heel valgus

Answer 25

medial loading

Question 26

name this abnormal STJ loading

forces directed laterally due to inverted nature of calcaneus and so the STJ pronates to get rest of foot to the ground

forefoot valgus

Answer 26

lateral loading

Question 27

name this gear

transverse axis made of met heads 1 and 2

operates for high speed motion or propulsion

Answer 27

high gear

Question 28

name this gear

oblique axis Mae of a line from met heads 2-5

operates for low speed power

Answer 28

low gear

Question 29

this is a type of auto support

resists bending

Answer 29

beam

Question 30

this is a type of auto support

supports a structure, braces it, makes it rigid

Answer 30

truss