DETERMINANTS OF GAIT HIGH YIELD

Question 1

T/F, we observe the gait cycle one foot at a time?

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what are the major components of the gait cycle?

Answer 2

stance phase

swing phase

Question 3

what are all the components of the gait cycle?

Answer 3

heel contact
full forefoot loading
heel off or heel lift
toe off, aka propulsion

Question 4

which of the phases makes up the majority of the gait cycle? percent?

Answer 4

stance phase

62%, 38% remaining is the swing phase

Question 5

what is the stance phase of the gait cycle again?

Answer 5

heel contact to toe off leading into the swing phase

Question 6

what are the swing phase motions?

Answer 6

the foot pronates than supinates

Question 7

why is pronation used in the swing phase as motion?

what does it minimize

Answer 7

functionally shortens the limb to help the foot clear the ground after toe off

minimizes the energy used for ground clearance as the non weight bearing limb passes the weight bearing limb

Question 8

why is supination used in the swing phase as motion?

Answer 8

stabilizes the osseous structure of the foot preparing it for heel strike

Question 9

what is the stance phase divided into? percentages of each?

Answer 9

contact period (27%)
midstance period (40%)
propulsion period (33%)

Question 10

what is the contact period?

Answer 10

heel strike to full forefoot loading

Question 11

what is the midstance period?

Answer 11

fullfoot loading to heel lift

Question 12

what is the propulsive period?

Answer 12

heel lift to toe off

Question 13

what phase is this again of the gait cycle?

contact period of the right foot occurs between heel strike of the right foot and toe off of the left foot

Answer 13

stance phase

Question 14

what is the mid stance period?

Answer 14

directly follows the contact period

begins right after toe off of the opposite foot

ends with heel lift of the foot we are observing in the gait cycle

Question 15

what is the propulsive period?

Answer 15

last part of the stance phase that begins with heel lift of the same foot and ends with toe off of the same foot

Question 16

at heel strike the foot is in what position?

Answer 16

supinated

Question 17

at the start of weight bearing and during the contact period, the subtalar joint conducts what motion to absorb shock and adapt to terrain

what happens to the leg, which direction does it rotate?

Answer 17

pronates

internally rotates

Question 18

upon heel contact, the foot is in what position and motion?

Answer 18

inverted position

supination

Question 19

upon the CONTACT period this bone of the foot is everted indicating this motion of this joint?

Answer 19

calcaneus

pronation of the subtalar joint

Question 20

what happens to the subtalar joint from mid stance through propulsion?

how bout the leg?

Answer 20

the joint supinates, keep in mind that at the start of mid stance the subtalar joint is pronated

the leg externally rotates through propulsion

Question 21

what is the affect of supinating the subtalar joint?

Answer 21

we change the foot from a mobile adapter to a rigid lever allowing for more efficient propulsion and maximal efficiency

Question 22

what does supination of the subtalar joint cause?

Answer 22

a piling of the tarsal bones causing increased rigidity

Question 23

the subtalar joint continues supinating maintaining the foot as a rigid lever for what next motion?

Answer 23

propulsion

Question 24

T/F, right before toe off the subtalar joint pronates slightly?

how does this affect body weight?

Answer 24

T

it shifts body weight form lateral to medial side of foot

Question 25

in the stance phase motions, which metatarsal heads load heavily? how does this affect weight?

Answer 25

2, 3 and the hallux

it shifts weight medially and transfers it to the opposite foot undergoing heel strike

Question 26

which part of the foot is important for propulsion?

Answer 26

the hallux

Question 27

in normal stance phase motion, what position must we not see that causes the muscles of the leg and foot to work harder?

what happens?

Answer 27

pronation

foot and leg muscle fatigue, hyper mobility of bones due to foot being a mobile adapter, increases shearing forces between bone of forefoot and skin creating calluses

Question 28

what is subtalar neutral position?

Answer 28

the subtalar joint is neither pronated or supinated