DETERMINANTS OF GAIT HIGH YIELD Flashcards
T/F, we observe the gait cycle one foot at a time?
true
what are the major components of the gait cycle?
stance phase
swing phase
what are all the components of the gait cycle?
heel contact
full forefoot loading
heel off or heel lift
toe off, aka propulsion
which of the phases makes up the majority of the gait cycle? percent?
stance phase
62%, 38% remaining is the swing phase
what is the stance phase of the gait cycle again?
heel contact to toe off leading into the swing phase
what are the swing phase motions?
the foot pronates than supinates
why is pronation used in the swing phase as motion?
what does it minimize
functionally shortens the limb to help the foot clear the ground after toe off
minimizes the energy used for ground clearance as the non weight bearing limb passes the weight bearing limb
why is supination used in the swing phase as motion?
stabilizes the osseous structure of the foot preparing it for heel strike
what is the stance phase divided into? percentages of each?
contact period (27%) midstance period (40%) propulsion period (33%)
what is the contact period?
heel strike to full forefoot loading
what is the midstance period?
fullfoot loading to heel lift
what is the propulsive period?
heel lift to toe off
what phase is this again of the gait cycle?
contact period of the right foot occurs between heel strike of the right foot and toe off of the left foot
stance phase
what is the mid stance period?
directly follows the contact period
begins right after toe off of the opposite foot
ends with heel lift of the foot we are observing in the gait cycle
what is the propulsive period?
last part of the stance phase that begins with heel lift of the same foot and ends with toe off of the same foot
at heel strike the foot is in what position?
supinated
at the start of weight bearing and during the contact period, the subtalar joint conducts what motion to absorb shock and adapt to terrain
what happens to the leg, which direction does it rotate?
pronates
internally rotates
upon heel contact, the foot is in what position and motion?
inverted position
supination
upon the CONTACT period this bone of the foot is everted indicating this motion of this joint?
calcaneus
pronation of the subtalar joint
what happens to the subtalar joint from mid stance through propulsion?
how bout the leg?
the joint supinates, keep in mind that at the start of mid stance the subtalar joint is pronated
the leg externally rotates through propulsion
what is the affect of supinating the subtalar joint?
we change the foot from a mobile adapter to a rigid lever allowing for more efficient propulsion and maximal efficiency
what does supination of the subtalar joint cause?
a piling of the tarsal bones causing increased rigidity
the subtalar joint continues supinating maintaining the foot as a rigid lever for what next motion?
propulsion
T/F, right before toe off the subtalar joint pronates slightly?
how does this affect body weight?
T
it shifts body weight form lateral to medial side of foot
in the stance phase motions, which metatarsal heads load heavily? how does this affect weight?
2, 3 and the hallux
it shifts weight medially and transfers it to the opposite foot undergoing heel strike
which part of the foot is important for propulsion?
the hallux
in normal stance phase motion, what position must we not see that causes the muscles of the leg and foot to work harder?
what happens?
pronation
foot and leg muscle fatigue, hyper mobility of bones due to foot being a mobile adapter, increases shearing forces between bone of forefoot and skin creating calluses
what is subtalar neutral position?
the subtalar joint is neither pronated or supinated
