lung disease

Question 1

what is obstructive lung disease

Answer 1

reduction in the flow through airways

Question 2

what is restrictive lung disease

Answer 2

reduction in lung expansion

Question 3

Tidal volume

Answer 3

Normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation, no extra effort applied.

Question 4

Inspiratory reserve volume (and vice versa of expiratory)

Answer 4

Maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration

Question 5

residual volume

Answer 5

amount of air remaining after full exhalation

Question 6

functional residual volume

Answer 6

amount of air remaining after normal exhalation

Question 7

vital capacity

Answer 7

Maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation

Question 8

describe a normal flow volume curve

Answer 8

on exhalation rapid rise to maximal expiratory flow

steady decline as air is exhaled

Question 9

describe obstrucure flow volume curve

Answer 9

initial flow and peak flow similar

sharp fall in flow rate - concave shape

Question 10

describe restrictive flow volume loop

Answer 10

shape normal
reduction in peak flow
reduction in the volume of air exhaled

Question 11

causes of obstructive lung disease

Answer 11

excess secretions
bronchoconstriction
inflammation

Question 12

FEV

Answer 12

volume of air exhaled in 1 second of forced expiration

Question 13

FVC

Answer 13

total vol of air forcibly exhaled

Question 14

obstructive diseases

Answer 14

COPD
emphysema
asthma

Question 15

what are the 2 extreme phenotypes

Answer 15

Chronic bronchitis

emphysema

Question 16

what is emphysmea

Answer 16

permanent dilation of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole

Question 17

type types of emphasma

Answer 17

centriacinar

panacinar

Question 18

what is chronic bronchitis

Answer 18

daily cough for 3 months or more

Question 19

what is asthma

Answer 19

hyperactive airways

Question 20

types of triggers for ashama

Answer 20

atopic (allergies)

non - atopic (e.g. cold air-

Question 21

treatment for asthma

Answer 21

B2 adrenoreceptor agonists

e.g. salbutamol or inhaled steroids

Question 22

symptoms of restrictive lung diseases

Answer 22

reduced chest expansion

loss of compliance

Question 23

what is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 23

progressive and irreversible decline in lung function