lung disease Flashcards
what is obstructive lung disease
reduction in the flow through airways
what is restrictive lung disease
reduction in lung expansion
Tidal volume
Normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation, no extra effort applied.
Inspiratory reserve volume (and vice versa of expiratory)
Maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration
residual volume
amount of air remaining after full exhalation
functional residual volume
amount of air remaining after normal exhalation
vital capacity
Maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation
describe a normal flow volume curve
on exhalation rapid rise to maximal expiratory flow
steady decline as air is exhaled
describe obstrucure flow volume curve
initial flow and peak flow similar
sharp fall in flow rate - concave shape
describe restrictive flow volume loop
shape normal
reduction in peak flow
reduction in the volume of air exhaled
causes of obstructive lung disease
excess secretions
bronchoconstriction
inflammation
FEV
volume of air exhaled in 1 second of forced expiration
FVC
total vol of air forcibly exhaled
obstructive diseases
COPD
emphysema
asthma
what are the 2 extreme phenotypes
Chronic bronchitis
emphysema
what is emphysmea
permanent dilation of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole
type types of emphasma
centriacinar
panacinar
what is chronic bronchitis
daily cough for 3 months or more
what is asthma
hyperactive airways
types of triggers for ashama
atopic (allergies)
non - atopic (e.g. cold air-
treatment for asthma
B2 adrenoreceptor agonists
e.g. salbutamol or inhaled steroids
symptoms of restrictive lung diseases
reduced chest expansion
loss of compliance
what is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
progressive and irreversible decline in lung function
